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page viii<br />

23.2.5 Liquids <strong>and</strong> Gases 23.20<br />

Pressure 23.21<br />

Venturi Valves 23.22<br />

Coriolis Flow Meter 23.23<br />

Magnetic Flow Meter 23.24<br />

Ultrasonic Flow Meter 23.24<br />

Vortex Flow Meter 23.24<br />

Positive Displacement Meters 23.25<br />

Pitot Tubes 23.25<br />

23.2.6 Temperature 23.25<br />

Resistive Temperature Detectors (RTDs) 23.26<br />

Thermocouples 23.26<br />

Thermistors 23.28<br />

Other Sensors 23.30<br />

23.2.7 Light 23.30<br />

Light Dependant Resistors (LDR) 23.30<br />

23.2.8 Chemical 23.31<br />

pH 23.31<br />

Conductivity 23.31<br />

23.2.9 Others 23.32<br />

23.3 INPUT ISSUES 23.32<br />

23.4 SENSOR GLOSSARY 23.37<br />

23.5 SUMMARY 23.38<br />

23.6 REFERENCES 23.39<br />

23.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS 23.39<br />

23.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 23.40<br />

23.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 23.42<br />

24. CONTINUOUSACTUATORS .........................24.1<br />

24.1 INTRODUCTION 24.1<br />

24.2 ELECTRIC MOTORS 24.1<br />

24.2.1 Basic Brushed DC Motors 24.3<br />

24.2.2 AC Motors 24.7<br />

24.2.3 Brushless DC Motors 24.15<br />

24.2.4 Stepper Motors 24.17<br />

24.2.5 Wound Field Motors 24.19<br />

24.3 HYDRAULICS 24.23<br />

24.4 OTHER SYSTEMS 24.24<br />

24.5 SUMMARY 24.25<br />

24.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS 24.25<br />

24.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 24.26<br />

24.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 24.26<br />

25. CONTINUOUSCONTROL ............................25.1<br />

25.1 INTRODUCTION 25.1

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