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Geant 3.21 GEANT User’s Guide AAAA002 Origin : Submitted: 01.10.84 Revision : Revised: 10.03.94 Documentation : Introduction to the manual The present documentation is divided into sections which follow the structure of GEANT and its major functions. Each section is identified by a keyword which indicates its content. Sections are in alphabetical order: AAAA BASE CONS DRAW GEOM HITS IOPA KINE PHYS TRAK XINT ZZZZ introduction to the system; GEANT framework and user interfaces to be read first; particles, materials and tracking medium parameters; the drawing package, interfaced to HIGZ; the geometry package; the detector response package; the I/O package; event generators and kinematic structures; physics processes; the tracking package; interactive user interface; appendix. Within each section, the principal system functions or the details of subroutines are described in a series of papers numbered from 001 to 999. In the upper left corner it is indicated in which Geant release the subroutines were introduced and left unchanged. The authors of the conceptual ideas or/and of the early versions of the code are acknowledged under the item Origin, while Revision contains the contributors to any important upgrade. Documentation is essential, but sometime implies a not negligeable amount of work. When relevant these contributions are acknowledged here. In addition all reported bugs, accepted suggestions...etc...are mentioned in the history part of the source code and correction cradle. Subroutines which are not necessary for an understanding of the program flow and which are not intended to be called directly by the user have been omitted. The notation [nnn] is used whenever additional information can be found in the quoted section. In the description of subroutine calling sequences, the arguments used both on input and on output are preceded by a * and the output arguments are followed by a * . For convenience, two more sections have been added: the section AAAA, for general introductory information at the beginning, and the section ZZZZ, for various appendices and indexed lists, at the end. A table of contents is available in AAAA000. To ease access to this documentation an index appears in ZZZZ999. It gives in alphabetic order the names of all documented GEANT subroutines with references to the appropriate write up(s). A short write up of GEANT can be obtained by collecting the papers numbered 001 to 009 in each section. 10 AAAA002 – 1
AAAA Bibliography [1] H.J. Klein and J. Zoll. PATCHY Reference Manual, Program Library L400. CERN, 1988. [2] M. Brun, R. Brun, and F. Rademakers. CMZ - A Source Code Management System. CodeME S.A.R.L., 1991. [3] H.C.Fesefeldt. Simulation of hadronic showers, physics and applications. Technical Report PITHA 85-02, III Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen Physikzentrum, 5100 Aachen, Germany, September 1985. [4] P.A.Aarnio et al. Fluka user’s guide. Technical Report TIS-RP-190, CERN, 1987, 1990. [5] A.Fassò A.Ferrari J.Ranft P.R.Sala G.R.Stevenson and J.M.Zazula. FLUKA92. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation Environments, Santa Fe, USA, 11-15 January 1993. [6] A.Fassò A.Ferrari J.Ranft P.R.Sala G.R.Stevenson and J.M.Zazula. A Comparison of FLUKA Simulations with measurements of Fluence and Dose in Calorimeter Structures. Nuclear Instruments & Methods A, 332:459, 1993. [7] C.Birattari E.DePonti A.Esposito A.Ferrari M.Pelliccioni and M.Silari. Measurements and characterization of high energy neutron fields. approved for pubblication in Nuclear Instruments & Methods A. [8] P.A.Aarnio, A.Fassò, A.Ferrari, J.-H.Moehring, J.Ranft, P.R.Sala, G.R.Stevenson and J.M.Zazula. FLUKA: hadronic benchmarks and applications. In MC93 Int. Conf. on Monte-Carlo Simulation in High-Energy and Nuclear Physics, Tallahassee, Florida, 22-26 February 1993. Proceedings in press. [9] P.A.Aarnio, A.Fassò, A.Ferrari, J.-H.Moehring, J.Ranft, P.R.Sala, G.R.Stevenson and J.M.Zazula. Electron-photon transport: always so good as we think? Experience with FLUKA. In MC93 Int. Conf. on Monte-Carlo Simulation in High-Energy and Nuclear Physics, Tallahassee, Florida, 22-26 February 1993. Proceedings in press. [10] A.Ferrari and P.R.Sala. A New Model for hadronic interactions at intermediate energies for the FLUKA code. In MC93 Int. Conf. on Monte-Carlo Simulation in High-Energy and Nuclear Physics, Tallahassee, Florida, 22-26 February 1993. Proceedings in press. [11] V.Innocente, M.Maire, and E.Nagy. GEANE: Average Tracking and Error Propagation Package, July 1991. [12] R.Brun, M.Hansroul, and J.C.Lassalle. GEANT User’s Guide, DD/EE/82 edition, 1982. AAAA002 – 2 11
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Page 9 and 10: The routines made available for GEA
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Geant 3.15 GEANT User’s Guide CON
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Particle No. Mass(GeV) Charge Life
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide CON
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¯Ω + ¯Ξ 0 π + 23.60 ¯ΛK + 67
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide DRA
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The main drawing routines are: GDRA
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Another feature which is available
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z y x C CHARACTER*4 CHNAMS(5) INTEG
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CALL GDRAWC(’OPAL’,2,0.,10.,10.
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CALL GSATT(’HB’,’FILL’,3) C
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CALL GDRAW(’CAVE’,40.,40.,0.,10
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Figure 16: Example of use of GDSPEC
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CALL GDOPEN(3) CALL GDRAWC(’ALEF
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6 NKVIEW IVIEW JDRAW NKVIEW JV = IB
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SHAD EDGE when HIDE is ON, selects
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x1xxxx 1xxxxx add the text EVENT NR
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DRAW Bibliography [1] R.Bock et al.
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2 Volumes with contents A volume ca
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The user can position a volume thro
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0 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Figure
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2 Divisions along arbitrary axis As
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9.BL2 half-length along x of the si
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1.DZ half-length along the z axis;
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ECAL BOX specifications 18/11/93 EC
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ECAL SPHE specifications 18/11/93 E
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide GEO
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• if the CHONLY flag is set to MA
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y y x x y y y y z z x x z z y y x x
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CAVE PAR1 specifications 20/10/94 y
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Dynamic ordering The list of neighb
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are represented by their values. A
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Where • @302 is the block number
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GEOM Bibliography [1] French Standa
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide HIT
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ITRA NUMBV HITS NHITS (INTEGER) is
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HITS Bibliography 175 HITS510 - 3
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide IOP
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0 if only IER] structures read in o
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide IOP
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IOPA Bibliography [1] J.Zoll. ZEBRA
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide KIN
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NTRACK ITRA JKINE NTRACK JK 1 2 3 4
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide PHY
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Below are listed the data record ke
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Computation of total crosssection o
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7. Update the number of interaction
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1= generation of secondaries enable
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DEEMAX The formula used by GEANT is
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The second problem has been solved
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GPHYSI Initialisation of physics pr
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• the mean number of tries is not
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as function of the variable u = Eθ
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GEANT 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide PHY
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where N Z(Z i ) A(A i ) ρ σ Avoga
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Word # PHFN bank (data area, contin
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2 Method If the energy of the radia
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The Auger or Coster-Kronig transiti
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where: n number of energy bins q i
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• Case dielectric → metal. The
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| ⃗ k| = | ⃗ k ′′ | = k =
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Case dielectric → metal In this c
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5 Processes involving Čerenkov pho
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Much of the difficulty in approxima
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CALL GMOLIE (OMEGA,BETA2,DIN*) OMEG
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where λ 0 = ¯h/p Compton waveleng
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2.3 Sampling of the distribution fu
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X 0 is the radiation length. From (
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where we have set Θ=θ/χ α . To
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The variable DCUTE in common /GCCUT
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2.2 Total cross-sections The integr
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For the other charged particles the
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POTI POTIL (REAL) average ionisatio
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where φ(λ) = 1 ∫ c+i∞ exp (u
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Counts 900 800 Landau 700 40 600 20
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Fast simulation for n 3 ≥ 16 If t
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ξ/E Max (hereafter κ) relative im
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ln(∫ σ γ dE/norm.factor) -4 -6
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VALUE = GBFSIG (T,C) GBFSIG calcula
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∆σ σ = { 12 − 15% for T ≤ 1
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T(MeV) C Pb ∆El 0 ∆E l ∆σ l
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1. sample x from 1 1 ln 1 x c x set
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E bind , eV 10 5 10 20 30 40 50 60
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eV). At present the values recommen
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calculated dE dx − dE measured dx
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Figure 43: Stopping powers in Carbo
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esults can be seen in table 2 and 3
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VALUE = GBRSGM (Z,T,BCUT) Z T BCUT
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The functions F i (Z,X,Y) (i = σ,
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where, (a − 1) 1 f(ν) = ( ) 1 ν
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where: Γ = kα 2π [ ɛ = W E 1 1
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NLM DENS CORR IPART (INTEGER) numbe
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Hydrogen (bound) Sodium Copper Hydr
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[25] M. Gavrila. Relativistic l-she
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[78] R.W.Williams. Fundamental Form
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[CONS]). Usually, this is done toge
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide TRA
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute SFIELD,SM
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SUBROUTINE GUSTEP +SEQ,GCKING,GCVOL
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CALL GRKUTA (CHARGE,STEP,VECT,VOUT*
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide XIN
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Clicking then on the right button o
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YMED R “ Center Y coordinate ”
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HIDE is ON, the detector can be exp
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e drawn. NAMNUM contain the arrays
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following levels (red arrows) and o
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Draw a polyline of ’npoint’ poi
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a dynamical 3-D analysis of the sim
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1. position the cursor at (uz0,vz0)
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CHUSET C “User set identifier”
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Set current attribute. 4.8 SSETVA [
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CALL GDCOL(-abs(icol)) 4.12 LWID lw
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5 GEANT/GEOMETRY Geometry commands.
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Print matrixes’ specifications. 5
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6 GEANT/CREATE It creates volumes o
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YES NO 6.7 SCONS name numed inrdw o
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7 GEANT/CONTROL Control commands. 7
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To change lout in /GCUNIT/ Note: un
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IPART I “Particle number” NAPAR
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8.5 CDIR [ chpath chopt ] CHPATH C
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9 GEANT/FZ ZEBRA/FZ commands 9.1 FZ
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Check the structure of one or more
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FACTL R “Scale factor for SL” D
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12 GEANT/PHYSICS Commands to set ph
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Possible IDRAY values are: 0 1 2 To
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12.14 PAIR [ ipair ] IPAIR C “Fla
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PPCUTM R “Cut for e+e- pairs by m
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LGET_15 C “user word” LGET_16 C
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13.6 GEOM [ lgeom˙1 lgeom˙2 lgeom
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LSTAT_7 C “user word” LSTAT_8 C
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XINT Bibliography [1] R.Brun and P.
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This common contains the threshold
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ITR3D track being scanned (used tog
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NCLAS1 NCLAS2 NCLAS3 IHOLE CGXMIN C
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* PARAMETER (MAXJMP=30) COMMON/GCJU
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GYMAX GZMIN GZMAX GXXXX GYYYY GZZZZ
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DENS density of current material in
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RADDEG radiants to degrees conversi
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PCUTNE parameterisation threshold f
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SMULS SOMULS STMULS DPHYS3 ILABS SL
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NTETA TETMIN TETMAX MODTET number o
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S2 S3 SS1 SS2 SS3 LEP IPORLI ISUBLI
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CFIELD constant for field step eval
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NEXT 1 particle has reached the bou
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C COMMON/GCVOL2/NLEVE2,NAMES2(15),N
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STEP PLIN PLOG BE2 PLASM TRNSMA BOS
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C ESHELL - Shells potentials in eV
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Geant 3.11 GEANT User’s Guide ZZZ
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GFKINE KINE001, KINE100, KINE199 GF
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GPSTAT GEOM700 GPTMED CONS001, CONS
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ZZZZ Bibliography [1] T.Sjöstrand
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CDRSGA, 297 CGMULO, 221 CHANGEWK, 3
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GEANT/DRAWING/KHITS, 372 GEANT/DRAW
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GPART, 13, 46, 61, 293 GPCXYZ, 40,
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PATCHY, 278 PCUTS, 399 PDIGI, 389 P
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