CERN Program Library Long Writeup W5013 - CERNLIB ...

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BASE Bibliography [1] H.C.Fesefeldt. Simulation of hadronic showers, physics and applications. Technical Report PITHA 85-02, III Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen Physikzentrum, 5100 Aachen, Germany, September 1985. [2] P.A.Aarnio et al. Fluka user’s guide. Technical Report TIS-RP-190, CERN, 1987, 1990. [3] A.Fassò A.Ferrari J.Ranft P.R.Sala G.R.Stevenson and J.M.Zazula. FLUKA92. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation Environments, Santa Fe, USA, 11-15 January 1993. [4] A.Fassò A.Ferrari J.Ranft P.R.Sala G.R.Stevenson and J.M.Zazula. A Comparison of FLUKA Simulations with measurements of Fluence and Dose in Calorimeter Structures. Nuclear Instruments & Methods A, 332:459, 1993. [5] C.Birattari E.DePonti A.Esposito A.Ferrari M.Pelliccioni and M.Silari. Measurements and characterization of high energy neutron fields. approved for pubblication in Nuclear Instruments & Methods A. [6] P.A.Aarnio, A.Fassò, A.Ferrari, J.-H.Moehring, J.Ranft, P.R.Sala, G.R.Stevenson and J.M.Zazula. FLUKA: hadronic benchmarks and applications. In MC93 Int. Conf. on Monte-Carlo Simulation in High-Energy and Nuclear Physics, Tallahassee, Florida, 22-26 February 1993. Proceedings in press. [7] R.Brun et al. FFREAD User Guide and Reference Manual, dd/us/71 edition, February 1987. [8] H.J. Klein and J. Zoll. PATCHY Reference Manual, Program Library L400. CERN, 1988. [9] M. Brun, R. Brun, and F. Rademakers. CMZ - A Source Code Management System. CodeME S.A.R.L., 1991. [10] R.Brun, M.Goossens, and J.Zoll. ZEBRA Users Guide, Program Library Q100. CERN, 1991. [11] R.Bock et al. HIGZ Users Guide, Program Library Q120. CERN, 1991. [12] R.Brun and H.Renshall. HPLOT users guide, Program Library Y251. CERN, 1990. [13] ISO. The graphical kernel system (gks). Technical Report ISO 7942, ISO Geneva, 1985. [14] ISO. The graphical kernel system for three dimensions (gks-3d). Technical Report ISO 8805, ISO Geneva, 1987. [15] D.R.Myers. GKS/GKS-3D Primer, DD/US/110. CERN, 1987. [16] P.L’Ecuyer. Efficient and portable random number generators. Comm. ACM, 31:742, 1988. [17] F.James. A review of pseudorandom number generators. Computer Phys. Comm., 60:329–344, 1990. 44 BASE420 – 3
Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide CONS001 Origin : Submitted: 01.10.84 Revision : Revised: 17.12.93 Documentation : F.Bruyant Introduction to the section CONS 1 Introduction The setup where the particles are transported is represented by a structure of geometrical volumes. Each volume is filled with matter (which can have the properties of the vacuum in case of it contains no matter). The matter composing the volumes is described via two sets of attributes. The first set is relative to the nature of the material composing the volume, and contains information such as the atomic number, the atomic weight, the density and so on (see the description of the routine GSMATE in this section for more information). The second set of attributes is relevant to the process of particle transport and they define a so-called tracking medium. These are parameters such as the material composing the volume, the magnetic field, the required tracking precision, the maximum energy that can be lost in one step and so on (see the description of the routine GSTMED in this section for more information). Each tracking medium refers to a material via a material number which is assigned by the user. Different tracking media can, with some limitation, refer to the same material. Each volume is filled by a tracking medium identified by a medium number. Different volumes may have the same medium number (see [GEOM]). The transport of particles through a setup ([TRAK]) requires access to data which describe: • the geometry of the setup; • the material and tracking medium parameters; • the particle properties. The section [CONS] contains the routines for the storage and retrieval of information related to materials, tracking media and the particles. Important note: many entities in GEANT are user-defined via a subroutine call. One of the arguments of this subroutine is a integer number which identifies the entity. Examples are materials, tracking media, particles and so on. It can be tempting, for booking purposes, to use very large numbers. For instance, in a large detector, the number of all the materials in the hadronic calorimeter could be 1001 ≤ I ≤ 2000. Evenif these conventions are very handy, they can introduce a performance penalty. For reasons of speed, the number provided by the user is used directly as the number of the link in the ZEBRA data structure indicating where to store the pointer to the bank containing the information on the entity. ZEBRA pointers are contiguous. Defining an object with a user number of 1000 forces ZEBRA to allow space for 1000 links. This entails a loss of space (999 words), but much worse than that, induces ZEBRA to believe that there are in fact 999 more banks. At every operation which causes a relocation of banks, ZEBRA will check all the possible links, which can be very time consuming. So values of user-defined entities must be kept as small as possible and contiguous. In large applications one could write a routine which returns the next free number to be allocated, which can then be stored in a variable and always referenced symbolically, freeing the user from the need to define ranges. As an example we give here a function performing this operation for the material number: 45 CONS001 – 1
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Page 7 and 8: Geant 3.21 GEANT User’s Guide AAA
Page 9 and 10: The routines made available for GEA
Page 11 and 12: outines, then you can type the foll
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Page 15 and 16: 2 Event simulation framework The fr
Page 17 and 18: • after each tracking step along
Page 19 and 20: GUDIGI GUOUT GTRIGC UGLAST GLAST GU
Page 21 and 22: Particles JPART Materials JMATE/JTM
Page 23 and 24: 3 Summary of GEANT data records 3.1
Page 25 and 26: 3.4 User applications KEY N I VAR S
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6 NKVIEW IVIEW JDRAW NKVIEW JV = IB
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SHAD EDGE when HIDE is ON, selects
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x1xxxx 1xxxxx add the text EVENT NR
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DRAW Bibliography [1] R.Bock et al.
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2 Volumes with contents A volume ca
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The user can position a volume thro
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0 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Figure
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2 Divisions along arbitrary axis As
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9.BL2 half-length along x of the si
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1.DZ half-length along the z axis;
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ECAL BOX specifications 18/11/93 EC
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ECAL SPHE specifications 18/11/93 E
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide GEO
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• if the CHONLY flag is set to MA
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y y x x y y y y z z x x z z y y x x
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CAVE PAR1 specifications 20/10/94 y
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Dynamic ordering The list of neighb
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are represented by their values. A
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Where • @302 is the block number
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GEOM Bibliography [1] French Standa
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide HIT
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ITRA NUMBV HITS NHITS (INTEGER) is
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HITS Bibliography 175 HITS510 - 3
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide IOP
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0 if only IER] structures read in o
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide IOP
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IOPA Bibliography [1] J.Zoll. ZEBRA
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide KIN
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NTRACK ITRA JKINE NTRACK JK 1 2 3 4
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide PHY
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Below are listed the data record ke
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Computation of total crosssection o
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7. Update the number of interaction
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1= generation of secondaries enable
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DEEMAX The formula used by GEANT is
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The second problem has been solved
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GPHYSI Initialisation of physics pr
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• the mean number of tries is not
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as function of the variable u = Eθ
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GEANT 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide PHY
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where N Z(Z i ) A(A i ) ρ σ Avoga
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Word # PHFN bank (data area, contin
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2 Method If the energy of the radia
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The Auger or Coster-Kronig transiti
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where: n number of energy bins q i
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• Case dielectric → metal. The
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| ⃗ k| = | ⃗ k ′′ | = k =
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Case dielectric → metal In this c
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5 Processes involving Čerenkov pho
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Much of the difficulty in approxima
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CALL GMOLIE (OMEGA,BETA2,DIN*) OMEG
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where λ 0 = ¯h/p Compton waveleng
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2.3 Sampling of the distribution fu
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X 0 is the radiation length. From (
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where we have set Θ=θ/χ α . To
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The variable DCUTE in common /GCCUT
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2.2 Total cross-sections The integr
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For the other charged particles the
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POTI POTIL (REAL) average ionisatio
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where φ(λ) = 1 ∫ c+i∞ exp (u
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Counts 900 800 Landau 700 40 600 20
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Fast simulation for n 3 ≥ 16 If t
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ξ/E Max (hereafter κ) relative im
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ln(∫ σ γ dE/norm.factor) -4 -6
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VALUE = GBFSIG (T,C) GBFSIG calcula
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∆σ σ = { 12 − 15% for T ≤ 1
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T(MeV) C Pb ∆El 0 ∆E l ∆σ l
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1. sample x from 1 1 ln 1 x c x set
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E bind , eV 10 5 10 20 30 40 50 60
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eV). At present the values recommen
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calculated dE dx − dE measured dx
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Figure 43: Stopping powers in Carbo
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esults can be seen in table 2 and 3
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VALUE = GBRSGM (Z,T,BCUT) Z T BCUT
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The functions F i (Z,X,Y) (i = σ,
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where, (a − 1) 1 f(ν) = ( ) 1 ν
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where: Γ = kα 2π [ ɛ = W E 1 1
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NLM DENS CORR IPART (INTEGER) numbe
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Hydrogen (bound) Sodium Copper Hydr
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[25] M. Gavrila. Relativistic l-she
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[78] R.W.Williams. Fundamental Form
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[CONS]). Usually, this is done toge
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide TRA
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute SFIELD,SM
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SUBROUTINE GUSTEP +SEQ,GCKING,GCVOL
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CALL GRKUTA (CHARGE,STEP,VECT,VOUT*
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide XIN
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Clicking then on the right button o
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YMED R “ Center Y coordinate ”
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HIDE is ON, the detector can be exp
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e drawn. NAMNUM contain the arrays
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following levels (red arrows) and o
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Draw a polyline of ’npoint’ poi
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a dynamical 3-D analysis of the sim
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1. position the cursor at (uz0,vz0)
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CHUSET C “User set identifier”
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Set current attribute. 4.8 SSETVA [
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CALL GDCOL(-abs(icol)) 4.12 LWID lw
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5 GEANT/GEOMETRY Geometry commands.
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Print matrixes’ specifications. 5
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6 GEANT/CREATE It creates volumes o
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YES NO 6.7 SCONS name numed inrdw o
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7 GEANT/CONTROL Control commands. 7
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To change lout in /GCUNIT/ Note: un
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IPART I “Particle number” NAPAR
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8.5 CDIR [ chpath chopt ] CHPATH C
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9 GEANT/FZ ZEBRA/FZ commands 9.1 FZ
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Check the structure of one or more
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FACTL R “Scale factor for SL” D
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12 GEANT/PHYSICS Commands to set ph
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Possible IDRAY values are: 0 1 2 To
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12.14 PAIR [ ipair ] IPAIR C “Fla
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PPCUTM R “Cut for e+e- pairs by m
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LGET_15 C “user word” LGET_16 C
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13.6 GEOM [ lgeom˙1 lgeom˙2 lgeom
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LSTAT_7 C “user word” LSTAT_8 C
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XINT Bibliography [1] R.Brun and P.
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This common contains the threshold
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ITR3D track being scanned (used tog
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NCLAS1 NCLAS2 NCLAS3 IHOLE CGXMIN C
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* PARAMETER (MAXJMP=30) COMMON/GCJU
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GYMAX GZMIN GZMAX GXXXX GYYYY GZZZZ
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DENS density of current material in
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RADDEG radiants to degrees conversi
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PCUTNE parameterisation threshold f
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SMULS SOMULS STMULS DPHYS3 ILABS SL
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NTETA TETMIN TETMAX MODTET number o
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S2 S3 SS1 SS2 SS3 LEP IPORLI ISUBLI
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CFIELD constant for field step eval
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NEXT 1 particle has reached the bou
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C COMMON/GCVOL2/NLEVE2,NAMES2(15),N
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STEP PLIN PLOG BE2 PLASM TRNSMA BOS
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C ESHELL - Shells potentials in eV
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Geant 3.11 GEANT User’s Guide ZZZ
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GFKINE KINE001, KINE100, KINE199 GF
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GPSTAT GEOM700 GPTMED CONS001, CONS
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ZZZZ Bibliography [1] T.Sjöstrand
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CDRSGA, 297 CGMULO, 221 CHANGEWK, 3
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GEANT/DRAWING/KHITS, 372 GEANT/DRAW
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GPART, 13, 46, 61, 293 GPCXYZ, 40,
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PATCHY, 278 PCUTS, 399 PDIGI, 389 P
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