CERN Program Library Long Writeup W5013 - CERNLIB ...

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Ionisation by charged particles The following alternatives are provided to simulate this process: • Sampling from the appropriate distribution around the mean value of the energy loss ([PHYS332]). • Explicit generation of δ-rays (see [PHYS330/331/430]) and restricted fluctuations below the energy threshold for the production of δ-rays. • Sampling the contribution of single collisions from statistical distributions. This can be used as an alternative to the first one when simulating energy losses in very thin layers (small value of g cm −2 ) (see [PHYS334]). Full Landau fluctuations and generation of δ-rays cannot be used together in order to avoid double counting of the fluctuations. An automatic protection has been introduced in GEANT to this effect. See [PHYS333/332] and [BASE040] for further information. Multiple Scattering Two methods are provided: 1. Molière distribution or plural scattering ([PHYS325], [PHYS328]). 2. Gaussian approximation ([PHYS320]). The JMATE data structure In order to save time during the transport of the particles, relevant energy-dependent quantities are tabulated at the beginning of the run, for all materials, as functions of the kinetic energy of the particle. In particular, the inverse of the total cross-sections of all processes involving photons, electrons and muons and the dE/dx and range tables for electrons, muons and protons are calculated. The actual value of, say, the interaction length for a given process (i.e. the inverse of the macroscopic cross section) is then obtained via a linear interpolation in the tables. The data structure which contains all this information in memory is supported by the link JMATE in the /GCLINK/ common block. See [PHYS100] and [CONS199] for a more information on these tables. Probability of Interaction The total cross-section of each process is used at tracking time to evaluate the probability of occurrence of the process. See [PHYS010] for an explanation of the method used. Note: The section PHYS is closely related to the section CONS. Users wishing to have a complete overview of the physics processes included in GEANT should read both sections. 1.2 Control of the physical processes For most of the individual processes the default option (indicated below) can be changed via data records [BASE040]. The processes are controlled via a control variable which is in the common /GCKING/. If not otherwise noted, the meaning of the control variable is the following: = 0 The process is completely ignored. = 1 The process is considered and possible secondary particles generating from the interaction are put into the /GCKING/ common. If the interacting particle disappears in the interaction, then it is stopped with ISTOP=1 (common /GCTRAK/) = 2 The process is considered. If secondary particles result from the interaction, they are not generated and their energy is simply added in the variable DESTEP (common /GCTRAK/. If the interacting particle disappears in the interaction, the variable ISTOP is set to 2. PHYS001 – 2 194
Below are listed the data record keywords, the flag names and values, and the resulting action: Keyword DCAY MULS PFIS MUNU LOSS PHOT COMP PAIR Related process Decay in flight. The decaying particles stops. The variable IDCAY controls this process. IDCAY =0 No decay in flight. =1 (D) Decay in flight with generation of secondaries. =2 Decay in flight without generation of secondaries. Multiple scattering. The variable IMULS controls this process. IMULS =0 No multiple scattering. =1 (D) Multiple scattering according to Molière theory. =2 Same as 1. Kept for backward compatibility. =3 Pure Gaussian scattering according to the Rossi formula. Nuclear fission induced by a photon. The photon stops. The variable IPFIS controls this process. IPFIS =0 (D) No photo-fission. =1 Photo-fission with generation of secondaries. =2 Photo-fission without generation of secondaries. Muon-nucleus interactions. The muon is not stopped. The variable IMUNU controls this process. IMUNU =0 No muon-nucleus interactions. =1 (D) Muon-nucleus interactions with generation of secondaries. =2 Muon-nucleus interactions without generation of secondaries. Continuous energy loss. The variable ILOSS controls this process. ILOSS =0 No continuous energy loss,IDRAY is forced to 0. =1 Continuous energy loss with generation of δ-rays above DCUTE (common /GCUTS/) and restricted Landau fluctuations below DCUTE. =2 (D) Continuous energy loss without generation of δ-rays and full Landau-Vavilov- Gauss fluctuations. In this case the variable IDRAY is forced to 0 to avoid double counting of fluctuations. =3 Same as 1, kept for backward compatibility. =4 Energy loss without fluctuation. The value obtained from the tables is used directly. Photoelectric effect. The interacting photon is stopped. The variable IPHOT controls this process. IPHOT =0 No photo-electric effect. =1 (D) Photo-electric effect with generation of the electron. =2 Photo-electric effect without generation of the electron. Compton scattering. The variable ICOMP controls this process. ICOMP =0 No Compton scattering. =1 (D) Compton scattering with generation of e − . =2 Compton scattering without generation of e − . Pair production. The interacting γ is stopped. The variable IPAIR controls this process. IPAIR =0 No pair production. =1 (D) Pair production with generation of e − /e + . =2 Pair production without generation of e − /e + . 195 PHYS001 – 3
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CERN Program Library Long Writeup W
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Chapter 1: Catalog of Geant section
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IOPA500 KINE001 KINE100 KINE199 KIN
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Geant 3.21 GEANT User’s Guide AAA
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The routines made available for GEA
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outines, then you can type the foll
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AAAA Bibliography [1] H.J. Klein an
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2 Event simulation framework The fr
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• after each tracking step along
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GUDIGI GUOUT GTRIGC UGLAST GLAST GU
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Particles JPART Materials JMATE/JTM
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3 Summary of GEANT data records 3.1
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3.4 User applications KEY N I VAR S
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide BAS
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SUBROUTINE UGEOM + (’TGT ’,2,
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LQ(JHEAD-1) user link IQ(JHEAD+1) I
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VALUE = GARNDM (DUMMY) DUMMY (REAL)
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide CON
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1 Energy binning IDECAD Bin number
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Particle No. Mass(GeV) Charge Life
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¯Ω + ¯Ξ 0 π + 23.60 ¯ΛK + 67
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide DRA
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The main drawing routines are: GDRA
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Another feature which is available
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z y x C CHARACTER*4 CHNAMS(5) INTEG
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CALL GDRAWC(’OPAL’,2,0.,10.,10.
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CALL GSATT(’HB’,’FILL’,3) C
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CALL GDRAW(’CAVE’,40.,40.,0.,10
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Figure 16: Example of use of GDSPEC
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CALL GDOPEN(3) CALL GDRAWC(’ALEF
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6 NKVIEW IVIEW JDRAW NKVIEW JV = IB
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SHAD EDGE when HIDE is ON, selects
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x1xxxx 1xxxxx add the text EVENT NR
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DRAW Bibliography [1] R.Bock et al.
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2 Volumes with contents A volume ca
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The user can position a volume thro
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0 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Figure
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2 Divisions along arbitrary axis As
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9.BL2 half-length along x of the si
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1.DZ half-length along the z axis;
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ECAL BOX specifications 18/11/93 EC
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ECAL SPHE specifications 18/11/93 E
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide GEO
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• if the CHONLY flag is set to MA
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y y x x y y y y z z x x z z y y x x
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CAVE PAR1 specifications 20/10/94 y
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Dynamic ordering The list of neighb
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where λ 0 = ¯h/p Compton waveleng
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2.3 Sampling of the distribution fu
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X 0 is the radiation length. From (
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where we have set Θ=θ/χ α . To
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The variable DCUTE in common /GCCUT
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2.2 Total cross-sections The integr
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For the other charged particles the
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POTI POTIL (REAL) average ionisatio
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where φ(λ) = 1 ∫ c+i∞ exp (u
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Counts 900 800 Landau 700 40 600 20
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Fast simulation for n 3 ≥ 16 If t
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide PHY
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ξ/E Max (hereafter κ) relative im
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ln(∫ σ γ dE/norm.factor) -4 -6
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VALUE = GBFSIG (T,C) GBFSIG calcula
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∆σ σ = { 12 − 15% for T ≤ 1
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T(MeV) C Pb ∆El 0 ∆E l ∆σ l
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eV). At present the values recommen
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calculated dE dx − dE measured dx
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Figure 43: Stopping powers in Carbo
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esults can be seen in table 2 and 3
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VALUE = GBRSGM (Z,T,BCUT) Z T BCUT
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The functions F i (Z,X,Y) (i = σ,
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where, (a − 1) 1 f(ν) = ( ) 1 ν
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Hydrogen (bound) Sodium Copper Hydr
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[78] R.W.Williams. Fundamental Form
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[CONS]). Usually, this is done toge
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute SFIELD,SM
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SUBROUTINE GUSTEP +SEQ,GCKING,GCVOL
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CALL GRKUTA (CHARGE,STEP,VECT,VOUT*
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide XIN
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Clicking then on the right button o
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YMED R “ Center Y coordinate ”
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HIDE is ON, the detector can be exp
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e drawn. NAMNUM contain the arrays
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following levels (red arrows) and o
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Draw a polyline of ’npoint’ poi
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a dynamical 3-D analysis of the sim
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1. position the cursor at (uz0,vz0)
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CHUSET C “User set identifier”
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Set current attribute. 4.8 SSETVA [
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CALL GDCOL(-abs(icol)) 4.12 LWID lw
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5 GEANT/GEOMETRY Geometry commands.
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Print matrixes’ specifications. 5
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YES NO 6.7 SCONS name numed inrdw o
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7 GEANT/CONTROL Control commands. 7
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To change lout in /GCUNIT/ Note: un
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8.5 CDIR [ chpath chopt ] CHPATH C
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9 GEANT/FZ ZEBRA/FZ commands 9.1 FZ
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Check the structure of one or more
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12 GEANT/PHYSICS Commands to set ph
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12.14 PAIR [ ipair ] IPAIR C “Fla
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PPCUTM R “Cut for e+e- pairs by m
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LGET_15 C “user word” LGET_16 C
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LSTAT_7 C “user word” LSTAT_8 C
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XINT Bibliography [1] R.Brun and P.
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This common contains the threshold
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ITR3D track being scanned (used tog
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NCLAS1 NCLAS2 NCLAS3 IHOLE CGXMIN C
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* PARAMETER (MAXJMP=30) COMMON/GCJU
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GYMAX GZMIN GZMAX GXXXX GYYYY GZZZZ
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DENS density of current material in
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RADDEG radiants to degrees conversi
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PCUTNE parameterisation threshold f
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SMULS SOMULS STMULS DPHYS3 ILABS SL
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CFIELD constant for field step eval
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NEXT 1 particle has reached the bou
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C COMMON/GCVOL2/NLEVE2,NAMES2(15),N
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C ESHELL - Shells potentials in eV
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GFKINE KINE001, KINE100, KINE199 GF
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GPSTAT GEOM700 GPTMED CONS001, CONS
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ZZZZ Bibliography [1] T.Sjöstrand
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CDRSGA, 297 CGMULO, 221 CHANGEWK, 3
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