CERN Program Library Long Writeup W5013 - CERNLIB ...

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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide PHYS332 Origin : L.Urbán Submitted: 10.04.86 Revision : L.Urbán Revised: 16.12.93 Documentation : F.Carminati, K.Lassila-Perini 1 Subroutines Simulation of energy loss straggling CALL GFLUCT (DEMEAN,DE*) DEMEAN DE (REAL) average energy loss according to the energy loss tables; (REAL) actual energy loss. GFLUCT selects the method to sample the fluctuations around the mean energy loss DEMEAN and returns the energy loss DE in the current step. If δ-rays are not produced (DRAY=0), it calls GLANDG when the current particle and material parameters are in the validity range of Landau theory, GVAVIV when in the range of Vavilov theory, or performs a Gaussian sampling. For fluctuations in small steps GLANDZ is called. If δ-rays are produced (DRAY=1), it calls GLANDZ which, the cut for the δ-ray production being set, does sampling from restricted formula. GFLUCT is called from the tracking routines GTELEC, GTHADR and GTMUON when the LOSS flag is set to 1, 2 or 3. CALL GLANDG (YRAN*) YRAN (REAL) random variable distributed according to the Landau distribution; GLANDG samples from the Landau distribution. It is called from GFLUCT. VALUE = GVAVIV (RKAPPA,BETA2,RAN) RKAPPA (REAL) κ parameter of the Vavilov distribution (see below); BETA2 (REAL) β 2 of the particle; RAN (REAL) random number uniformly distributed in ]0,1[. GVAVIV samples samples the variable λ = λ v /κ − ln κ, sometimes called the Landau λ, where λ v is distributed according to the Vavilov distribution. For more details see below. It is called from GFLUCT. CALL GLANDZ (Z,STEP,P,E,DEDX,DE*,POTI,POTIL) Z (REAL) atomic number of the medium; STEP (REAL) step size in cm; P (REAL) momentum of the particle in GeV c −1 ; E (REAL) total energy of the particle in GeV; DEDX (REAL) average energy loss in the step according to the energy loss tables; DE (REAL) actual energy loss in the step; 258 PHYS332 – 1
POTI POTIL (REAL) average ionisation potential for the medium; (REAL) logarithm of the average ionisation potential. GLANDZ gives the energy loss DE for the current particle with energy E and momentum P in a material of atomic number Z where the average energy loss is DEDX and the current step length STEP. It is called from GFLUCT for restricted Landau fluctuations when δ-rays are produced or to sample the fluctuations in thin layers (with or without δ-ray production). 2 Method Due to the statistical nature of ionisation energy loss, large fluctuations can occur in the amount of energy deposited by a particle traversing an absorber element. As recently reviewed [56], continuous processes such as multiple scattering and energy loss play a relevant role in the longitudinal and lateral development of electromagnetic and hadronic showers, and in the case of sampling calorimeters the measured resolution can be significantly affected by such fluctuations in their active layers. The description of ionisation fluctuations is characterised by the significance parameter κ, which is proportional to the ratio of mean energy loss to the maximum allowed energy transfer in a single collision with an atomic electron κ = ξ E max E max is the maximum transferable energy in a single collision with an atomic electron. E max = 2m e β 2 γ 2 1+2γm e /m x +(m e /m x ) 2 , where γ = E/m x , E is energy and m x the mass of the incident particle, β 2 =1− 1/γ 2 and m e is the electron mass. ξ comes from the Rutherford scattering cross section and is defined as: ξ = 2πz2 e 4 N Av Zρδx m e β 2 c 2 = 153.4 z2 Z A β 2 A ρδx keV, where z charge of the incident particle N Av Avogadro’s number Z atomic number of the material A atomic weight of the material ρ density δx thickness of the material κ measures the contribution of the collisions with energy transfer close to E max . For a given absorber, κ tends towards large values if δx is large and/or if β is small. Likewise, κ tends towards zero if δx is small and/or if β approaches 1. The value of κ distinguishes two regimes which occur in the description of ionisation fluctuations : 1. A large number of collisions involving the loss of all or most of the incident particle energy during the traversal of an absorber. As the total energy transfer is composed of a multitude of small energy losses, we can apply the central limit theorem and describe the fluctuations by a Gaussian distribution. This case is applicable to non-relativistic particles and is described by the inequality κ>10 (i.e. when the mean energy loss in the absorber is greater than the maximum energy transfer in a single collision). 2. Particles traversing thin counters and incident electrons under any conditions. The relevant inequalities and distributions are 0.01
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CERN Program Library Long Writeup W
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Chapter 1: Catalog of Geant section
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IOPA500 KINE001 KINE100 KINE199 KIN
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Geant 3.21 GEANT User’s Guide AAA
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The routines made available for GEA
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outines, then you can type the foll
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AAAA Bibliography [1] H.J. Klein an
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2 Event simulation framework The fr
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• after each tracking step along
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GUDIGI GUOUT GTRIGC UGLAST GLAST GU
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Particles JPART Materials JMATE/JTM
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3 Summary of GEANT data records 3.1
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3.4 User applications KEY N I VAR S
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide BAS
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SUBROUTINE UGEOM + (’TGT ’,2,
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LQ(JHEAD-1) user link IQ(JHEAD+1) I
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VALUE = GARNDM (DUMMY) DUMMY (REAL)
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide CON
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1 Energy binning IDECAD Bin number
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Particle No. Mass(GeV) Charge Life
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide DRA
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Another feature which is available
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z y x C CHARACTER*4 CHNAMS(5) INTEG
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CALL GDRAWC(’OPAL’,2,0.,10.,10.
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CALL GSATT(’HB’,’FILL’,3) C
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CALL GDRAW(’CAVE’,40.,40.,0.,10
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Figure 16: Example of use of GDSPEC
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CALL GDOPEN(3) CALL GDRAWC(’ALEF
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6 NKVIEW IVIEW JDRAW NKVIEW JV = IB
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SHAD EDGE when HIDE is ON, selects
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x1xxxx 1xxxxx add the text EVENT NR
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DRAW Bibliography [1] R.Bock et al.
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2 Volumes with contents A volume ca
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The user can position a volume thro
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0 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Figure
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2 Divisions along arbitrary axis As
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1.DZ half-length along the z axis;
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ECAL BOX specifications 18/11/93 EC
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ECAL SPHE specifications 18/11/93 E
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide GEO
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Dynamic ordering The list of neighb
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ITRA NUMBV HITS NHITS (INTEGER) is
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HITS Bibliography 175 HITS510 - 3
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0 if only IER] structures read in o
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IOPA Bibliography [1] J.Zoll. ZEBRA
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide KIN
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NTRACK ITRA JKINE NTRACK JK 1 2 3 4
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide PHY
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Below are listed the data record ke
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Computation of total crosssection o
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7. Update the number of interaction
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1= generation of secondaries enable
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DEEMAX The formula used by GEANT is
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The second problem has been solved
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VALUE = GBRSGM (Z,T,BCUT) Z T BCUT
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The functions F i (Z,X,Y) (i = σ,
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[CONS]). Usually, this is done toge
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute SFIELD,SM
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SUBROUTINE GUSTEP +SEQ,GCKING,GCVOL
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CALL GRKUTA (CHARGE,STEP,VECT,VOUT*
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide XIN
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Clicking then on the right button o
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YMED R “ Center Y coordinate ”
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HIDE is ON, the detector can be exp
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following levels (red arrows) and o
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Draw a polyline of ’npoint’ poi
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1. position the cursor at (uz0,vz0)
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CHUSET C “User set identifier”
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Set current attribute. 4.8 SSETVA [
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CALL GDCOL(-abs(icol)) 4.12 LWID lw
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Print matrixes’ specifications. 5
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To change lout in /GCUNIT/ Note: un
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IPART I “Particle number” NAPAR
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9 GEANT/FZ ZEBRA/FZ commands 9.1 FZ
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Check the structure of one or more
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FACTL R “Scale factor for SL” D
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12 GEANT/PHYSICS Commands to set ph
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PPCUTM R “Cut for e+e- pairs by m
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XINT Bibliography [1] R.Brun and P.
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This common contains the threshold
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ITR3D track being scanned (used tog
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GYMAX GZMIN GZMAX GXXXX GYYYY GZZZZ
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C ESHELL - Shells potentials in eV
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Geant 3.11 GEANT User’s Guide ZZZ
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GFKINE KINE001, KINE100, KINE199 GF
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GPSTAT GEOM700 GPTMED CONS001, CONS
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ZZZZ Bibliography [1] T.Sjöstrand
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