CERN Program Library Long Writeup W5013 - CERNLIB ...

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equired depends on the application. GEANT can run with as little as 50,000 words or less, but for large detectors it is not uncommon to declare stores of several million words. The call to GZEBRA initialises the common /GCBANK/ to receive the GEANT data structures. This call is necessary before any other routine of the GEANT system is called. • The call to HLIMIT initialises the ZEBRA system to use the /PAWC/ common block for the HBOOK histogram package. The size of the common depends on the number and size of the plot requested. The ZEBRA system must be initialised only once, and the negative argument to HLIMIT prevents a second initialisation of the system. The HLIMIT call has to be placed after the call to GZEBRA and the argument has to be the dimension of the /PAWC/ common block with a negative sign in front. • The main program is intended for batch applications, while to run the simulation interactively, the interactive main program called GXINT should be linked in front of the user code. • The program shown will require the graphic libraries in the link sequence. Often, for batch production or for small tests, graphics is not needed, and not loading the graphics code makes the program smaller. To avoid loading graphic routines the calls to IGINIT, IGMETA, IGEND, GDINIT and GDEBUG should be removed. If, on the other hand, the user is interested in including the routine GDEBUG and in excluding graphics at the same time, then the following routine should be included in the code: SUBROUTINE GDCXYZ ENTRY IGSA ENTRY GDTRAK END which will avoid every reference to the graphics routines from GDEBUG. • The user code to define the tracking media and the geometry of the setup should be inside the routine UGEOM. The pre-initialised data structured can be read from disk, but it is recommended to call GPHYSI in any case, to initialise the cross-section tables. An example of a full material, geometry and detector design is given below and has been extracted from the example GEXAM3. Here only major calls are shown, the redundant parts can be found in the source code of UGEOM in GEXAM3. The example shows the basic concept in GEANT. First material parameters are defining the properities of a detector material calling the subroutine GSMATE. Here in addition to the 16 predefined materials, the material definition of Calcium is examplary shown. More information towards the predefined materials and further use of material definition routines can be found in the section CONS001 - CONS101. Then tracking parameters are associated to the materials, defining a so called tracking medium. Each GEANT volume must be associated to an existing tracking medium. Here in the example the tracking medium ’TARGET’ is defined to exist of Calcium. In the example shown below several detector volumes are defined using the subroutine GSVOLU. The defined volume have associated parameters of name, shape, tracking medium and shape parameters. In this example the volume ’TGT ’ consists of the previously defined tracking medium ’TARGET’.The volumes (and if necessary identical copies of them) are then positioned according to the detector geometry. The volumes are positioned on the same level, or inside each other. By setting the parameter ONLY or MANY in the call of GSPOS the user has the opportunity to tell either GEANT the logical volume structure and to apply boolean operations (cutting, joining and intersection) between two positioned volumes. More information about the concept in defining volumes and positioning can be retrieved from the section GEOM. Finally the user is required to classify into sets all sensitive detectors (defined as those volume defined as detector via GSDET and other related routines, for which he wants to store hits in the hit data structure JHITS. BASE100 – 2 28
SUBROUTINE UGEOM + (’TGT ’,2,’TBIN’, 0., 0.,-2.54,0,’ONLY’) +SEQ,GCLIST CALL GSPOS +SEQ,GCONSP + (’TGT ’,3,’TBIN’, 0., 0., 0. ,0,’ONLY’) COMMON/DLSFLD/ISWFLD,FLDVAL CALL GSPOS C--> Defining material parameters + (’TGT ’,4,’TBIN’, 0., 0., 2.54,0,’ONLY’) C--> Defining geometry parameters CALL GSPOS C--> Defining positioning parameters + (’TGT ’,5,’TBIN’, 0., 0., 5.08,0,’ONLY’) C--> Data statements, left out here, to CALL GSPOS C--> Define materials and mixtures + (’TBIN’,1,’TBOU’, 0., 0., 0.,0,’ONLY’) CALL GSMATE(17,’CALCIUM$’, + 40.08,20.,1.55,10.4,23.2,0,0) CALL GSPOS + (’TBOU’,1,’CAVE’, 0., 0., ZTG,0,’ONLY’) C--> ....... CALL GSPOS C--> further material an mixture definitions + (’ARM ’,1,’CAVE’,XLARM,0.,ZLARM,1,’ONLY’) C--> ....... CALL GSPOS C--> Defining tracking media + (’ARM ’,2,’CAVE’,XRARM,0.,ZRARM,2,’ONLY’) CALL GSTMED( 2,’TARGET $’, CALL GSPOS + 17,0,0,0.,10.,.2,.1,.001,.5,0,0) + (’FDOU’,1,’ARM ’,0.,0., DFDO ,0,’ONLY’) C--> ....... CALL GSPOS C--> defining further media + (’FDIN’,1,’FDOU’,0.,0., 0. ,0,’ONLY’) C--> ....... CALL GSPOS C--> Define the reference frame + (’FSP ’,1,’FDIN’,0.,0.,-2.9975,0,’ONLY’) CALL GSVOLU C--> ....... + (’CAVE’,’BOX ’,1,CAVPAR,3,ICAVE) C--> positioning of further volumes C--> The targe box is shifted by 100 cm C--> ....... C--> in the cave. CALL GSVOLU C--> Print the stored definitions CALL GLOOK(’VOLU’,LPRIN,NPRIN,ILOOK) + (’TGT ’,’BOX ’,2,TGTPAR,3,ITGT ) IF(ILOOK.NE.0) CALL GPVOLU(0) CALL GSVOLU CALL GLOOK(’ROTM’,LPRIN,NPRIN,ILOOK) + (’TBIN’,’TRD1’,3,TBIPAR,4,ITBIN) IF(ILOOK.NE.0) CALL GPROTM(0) CALL GSVOLU CALL GLOOK(’TMED’,LPRIN,NPRIN,ILOOK) + (’TBOU’,’TRD1’,4,TBOPAR,4,ITBOU) IF(ILOOK.NE.0) CALL GPTMED(0) CALL GSVOLU CALL GLOOK(’MATE’,LPRIN,NPRIN,ILOOK) + (’ARM ’,’TRD1’,1,ARMPAR,4,IARM) IF(ILOOK.NE.0) CALL GPMATE(0) CALL GSVOLU CALL GLOOK(’PART’,LPRIN,NPRIN,ILOOK) + (’FDIN’,’BOX ’,9,FDIPAR,3,IFDIN) IF(ILOOK.NE.0) CALL GPPART(0) CALL GSVOLU C--> Clean up volume banks and perform + (’FDOU’,’BOX ’,4,FDOPAR,3,IFDOU) C--> optimization C--> Define drift wire planes CALL GGCLOS CALL GSVOLU C--> Define sensitive detector parts + (’FSP ’,’BOX ’,13,FDIPAR,3,IFSP) CALL GSDET C--> ....... &(’DRFT’,’FSP ’,2,NAFD ,NBITSV,1,100, C--> further geometry definitions &100,IDRFT,IFD ) C--> ....... C--> Define hit parameters C--> Positioning the daughter volumes in CALL GSDETH(’DRFT’,’FSP ’,9,NAMESH, C--> their mother volume. CALL GSPOS + (’TGT ’,1,’TBIN’, 0., 0.,-5.08,0,’ONLY’) CALL GSPOS &NBITSH,ORIG,FACT) RETURN END • It is convenient to store the input data records (see [BASE040]) in an auxiliary file (gcards.dat in the example). This allows to have a standard input file and to overwrite selected input data records as needed. If, for instance, the standard gcards.dat file contains the record TRIG 1000 and a short test run is requested this can be obtained with the following input: READ 4 TRIG 10 STOP the first line instructs FFREAD to open and process the file connected with logical unit 4, and the second line (re-)defines the number of events to be processed. The STOP command ends the FFREAD processing of the input. 29 BASE100 – 3
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Page 3 and 4: Chapter 1: Catalog of Geant section
Page 5 and 6: IOPA500 KINE001 KINE100 KINE199 KIN
Page 7 and 8: Geant 3.21 GEANT User’s Guide AAA
Page 9 and 10: The routines made available for GEA
Page 11 and 12: outines, then you can type the foll
Page 13 and 14: AAAA Bibliography [1] H.J. Klein an
Page 15 and 16: 2 Event simulation framework The fr
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Page 19 and 20: GUDIGI GUOUT GTRIGC UGLAST GLAST GU
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Page 23 and 24: 3 Summary of GEANT data records 3.1
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CALL GDRAWC(’OPAL’,2,0.,10.,10.
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CALL GSATT(’HB’,’FILL’,3) C
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CALL GDRAW(’CAVE’,40.,40.,0.,10
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Figure 16: Example of use of GDSPEC
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CALL GDOPEN(3) CALL GDRAWC(’ALEF
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6 NKVIEW IVIEW JDRAW NKVIEW JV = IB
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SHAD EDGE when HIDE is ON, selects
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x1xxxx 1xxxxx add the text EVENT NR
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DRAW Bibliography [1] R.Bock et al.
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2 Volumes with contents A volume ca
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The user can position a volume thro
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0 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Figure
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2 Divisions along arbitrary axis As
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9.BL2 half-length along x of the si
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1.DZ half-length along the z axis;
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ECAL BOX specifications 18/11/93 EC
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ECAL SPHE specifications 18/11/93 E
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide GEO
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• if the CHONLY flag is set to MA
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y y x x y y y y z z x x z z y y x x
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CAVE PAR1 specifications 20/10/94 y
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Dynamic ordering The list of neighb
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are represented by their values. A
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Where • @302 is the block number
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GEOM Bibliography [1] French Standa
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide HIT
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ITRA NUMBV HITS NHITS (INTEGER) is
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HITS Bibliography 175 HITS510 - 3
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide IOP
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0 if only IER] structures read in o
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide IOP
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IOPA Bibliography [1] J.Zoll. ZEBRA
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide KIN
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NTRACK ITRA JKINE NTRACK JK 1 2 3 4
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide PHY
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Below are listed the data record ke
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Computation of total crosssection o
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7. Update the number of interaction
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1= generation of secondaries enable
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DEEMAX The formula used by GEANT is
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The second problem has been solved
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GPHYSI Initialisation of physics pr
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• the mean number of tries is not
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as function of the variable u = Eθ
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GEANT 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide PHY
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where N Z(Z i ) A(A i ) ρ σ Avoga
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Word # PHFN bank (data area, contin
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2 Method If the energy of the radia
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The Auger or Coster-Kronig transiti
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where: n number of energy bins q i
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• Case dielectric → metal. The
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| ⃗ k| = | ⃗ k ′′ | = k =
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Case dielectric → metal In this c
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5 Processes involving Čerenkov pho
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Much of the difficulty in approxima
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CALL GMOLIE (OMEGA,BETA2,DIN*) OMEG
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where λ 0 = ¯h/p Compton waveleng
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2.3 Sampling of the distribution fu
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X 0 is the radiation length. From (
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where we have set Θ=θ/χ α . To
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The variable DCUTE in common /GCCUT
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2.2 Total cross-sections The integr
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For the other charged particles the
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POTI POTIL (REAL) average ionisatio
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where φ(λ) = 1 ∫ c+i∞ exp (u
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Counts 900 800 Landau 700 40 600 20
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Fast simulation for n 3 ≥ 16 If t
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ξ/E Max (hereafter κ) relative im
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ln(∫ σ γ dE/norm.factor) -4 -6
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VALUE = GBFSIG (T,C) GBFSIG calcula
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∆σ σ = { 12 − 15% for T ≤ 1
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T(MeV) C Pb ∆El 0 ∆E l ∆σ l
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1. sample x from 1 1 ln 1 x c x set
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E bind , eV 10 5 10 20 30 40 50 60
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eV). At present the values recommen
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calculated dE dx − dE measured dx
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Figure 43: Stopping powers in Carbo
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esults can be seen in table 2 and 3
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VALUE = GBRSGM (Z,T,BCUT) Z T BCUT
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The functions F i (Z,X,Y) (i = σ,
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where, (a − 1) 1 f(ν) = ( ) 1 ν
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where: Γ = kα 2π [ ɛ = W E 1 1
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NLM DENS CORR IPART (INTEGER) numbe
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Hydrogen (bound) Sodium Copper Hydr
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[25] M. Gavrila. Relativistic l-she
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[78] R.W.Williams. Fundamental Form
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[CONS]). Usually, this is done toge
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide TRA
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute distance
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VECT,SNEXT,SAFETY Compute SFIELD,SM
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SUBROUTINE GUSTEP +SEQ,GCKING,GCVOL
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CALL GRKUTA (CHARGE,STEP,VECT,VOUT*
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Geant 3.16 GEANT User’s Guide XIN
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Clicking then on the right button o
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YMED R “ Center Y coordinate ”
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HIDE is ON, the detector can be exp
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e drawn. NAMNUM contain the arrays
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following levels (red arrows) and o
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Draw a polyline of ’npoint’ poi
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a dynamical 3-D analysis of the sim
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1. position the cursor at (uz0,vz0)
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CHUSET C “User set identifier”
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Set current attribute. 4.8 SSETVA [
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CALL GDCOL(-abs(icol)) 4.12 LWID lw
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5 GEANT/GEOMETRY Geometry commands.
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Print matrixes’ specifications. 5
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6 GEANT/CREATE It creates volumes o
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YES NO 6.7 SCONS name numed inrdw o
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7 GEANT/CONTROL Control commands. 7
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To change lout in /GCUNIT/ Note: un
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IPART I “Particle number” NAPAR
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8.5 CDIR [ chpath chopt ] CHPATH C
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9 GEANT/FZ ZEBRA/FZ commands 9.1 FZ
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Check the structure of one or more
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FACTL R “Scale factor for SL” D
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12 GEANT/PHYSICS Commands to set ph
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Possible IDRAY values are: 0 1 2 To
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12.14 PAIR [ ipair ] IPAIR C “Fla
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PPCUTM R “Cut for e+e- pairs by m
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LGET_15 C “user word” LGET_16 C
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13.6 GEOM [ lgeom˙1 lgeom˙2 lgeom
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LSTAT_7 C “user word” LSTAT_8 C
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XINT Bibliography [1] R.Brun and P.
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This common contains the threshold
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ITR3D track being scanned (used tog
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NCLAS1 NCLAS2 NCLAS3 IHOLE CGXMIN C
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* PARAMETER (MAXJMP=30) COMMON/GCJU
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GYMAX GZMIN GZMAX GXXXX GYYYY GZZZZ
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DENS density of current material in
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RADDEG radiants to degrees conversi
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PCUTNE parameterisation threshold f
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SMULS SOMULS STMULS DPHYS3 ILABS SL
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NTETA TETMIN TETMAX MODTET number o
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S2 S3 SS1 SS2 SS3 LEP IPORLI ISUBLI
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CFIELD constant for field step eval
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NEXT 1 particle has reached the bou
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C COMMON/GCVOL2/NLEVE2,NAMES2(15),N
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STEP PLIN PLOG BE2 PLASM TRNSMA BOS
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C ESHELL - Shells potentials in eV
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Geant 3.11 GEANT User’s Guide ZZZ
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GFKINE KINE001, KINE100, KINE199 GF
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GPSTAT GEOM700 GPTMED CONS001, CONS
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ZZZZ Bibliography [1] T.Sjöstrand
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CDRSGA, 297 CGMULO, 221 CHANGEWK, 3
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GEANT/DRAWING/KHITS, 372 GEANT/DRAW
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GPART, 13, 46, 61, 293 GPCXYZ, 40,
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PATCHY, 278 PCUTS, 399 PDIGI, 389 P
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