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inocula 3%, pH 7.5, media volume 25 g/250 mL <strong>and</strong>
fermentation time 72 h. The maximum enzyme activity of
K‐6‐9 reached up <strong>to</strong> 601.6 U/mL under <strong>the</strong> optimized
condition.
Gene encoding isomannanase of K‐6 <strong>and</strong> K‐6‐9 was
cloned <strong>and</strong> expressed, <strong>and</strong> computer analyze of nucleic
acid data <strong>and</strong> deduced amino acid sequence were
accomplished using <strong>the</strong> Clustal X
(1.8),DNASTAR,GENEDOC (3.2) programs. According <strong>to</strong>
<strong>the</strong> bioinfonnatics analysis of gene sequences ofK‐6 <strong>and</strong>
K‐6‐9,<strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal base mutation rate of K‐6‐9 was 1.02%,
<strong>the</strong> types of base changes included base transition <strong>and</strong>
transversion. Among <strong>the</strong> 11 base mutations that had
detected, <strong>the</strong> frequency of base transitions(54.5%) was
1.2 times higher that <strong>the</strong> base transversions (45.5%), <strong>the</strong>
transitions between C <strong>and</strong> T accounted for largest
proportion, A‐G transitions <strong>and</strong> A‐T transversions were
also interchanged at high frequency. After
comparativeanalysis of deduced isomannanase protein
sequences of K‐6 <strong>and</strong> K‐6‐9, we found <strong>the</strong>re were
two‐point mutation forms, one was Pro (conservative
amino acid)‐Ser(non‐conservative amino acid) at 21nt,
ano<strong>the</strong>r was Ser(non‐conservative amino
acid)‐Glu(conservative amino acid) at 23nt. From a
comprehensive <strong>and</strong> comparative data analysis, <strong>the</strong> mutual
mutations between conservative amino acid <strong>and</strong>
non‐conservative amino acid may play an important role
in proteins assembling correctly <strong>and</strong> executing <strong>the</strong>ir
function effectively.
Sustainable development of Mu Us s<strong>and</strong>y l<strong>and</strong>
ecosystem <strong>and</strong> Mongolian traditional
vegetation conservation culture
Liang MAN, 1 Yixia LIU, 2 Heng ZHANG 3 <strong>and</strong> Fan
WANG 4
1College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin,
China, 2 College of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University,
Huhhot City, China, 3 College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal
University, Tianjin, China <strong>and</strong> 4 College of Life Sciences, Tianjin
Normal University, Tianjin, China. Email:
mlmongl@yahoo.com.cn
The Mu Us s<strong>and</strong>y l<strong>and</strong> is located in <strong>the</strong> north of <strong>the</strong> Loess
Plateau in China. There are steppe desert zone, desert
steppe zone, typical steppe zone <strong>and</strong> forest steppe zone
from northwest <strong>to</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast in <strong>the</strong> Mu Us s<strong>and</strong>y l<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong>
<strong>the</strong> steppe zone is <strong>the</strong> dominant part.
Mongolian traditional vegetation conservation culture
plays an important role in <strong>the</strong> sustainable utilization <strong>and</strong>
conservation of <strong>the</strong> Mu Us s<strong>and</strong>y l<strong>and</strong> ecosystem. When
<strong>the</strong>y use <strong>the</strong> edible s<strong>and</strong>y pioneering plants for food, <strong>the</strong>y
make use of only <strong>the</strong> above‐ground parts of <strong>the</strong> plants in
order <strong>to</strong> not harm <strong>the</strong> below‐ground parts, especially <strong>the</strong>
roots <strong>and</strong> subterranean organs.
The dense branch‐leaf system <strong>and</strong> a dense root system of
<strong>the</strong> annual Agriophyllum pungens, <strong>the</strong> biennial Pugionium
cornutum <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> semi‐shrub Artemisiasphaerocephala
can reduce circulating air speed, <strong>and</strong> can cover <strong>the</strong>
surface of dunes. The rhizomes of <strong>the</strong> perennial herb
Psammochloa villosa are <strong>to</strong>ugh, fast growing <strong>and</strong> deep,
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir interweaving distribution can form a dense
system of roots. Thus <strong>the</strong> dense branch–leaf <strong>and</strong> powerful
root network systems of <strong>the</strong> 4 species of pioneering
plants are able <strong>to</strong> delay dune disappearance, stabilizing <strong>the</strong>
s<strong>and</strong>y l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> dune, with favorable benefits for fur<strong>the</strong>r
stability via <strong>the</strong> colonization of secondary plants.
The changes of rodent community on <strong>the</strong>
beach of Dongting Lake after Three­Gorge
Project
Meiwen ZHANG, 1 Yong WANG, 1 Bo LI, 1 Cong
GUO, 2 Guoxian HUANG 3 <strong>and</strong> Guo SHEN 1
1Dongting Lake Station for Wetl<strong>and</strong> Ecosystem Research, Key
Labora<strong>to</strong>ry of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, CAS, Changsha 410125,
China, 2 College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu
610064, China <strong>and</strong> 3 Research Center for Eco‐environmental
Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100085, China. Email:
wang.aamu@gmail.com. The National Natural Science
Foundation of China (30870402 ; 31170396 ; 51009129)
supported <strong>the</strong> study.
Flood is <strong>the</strong> natural attribute <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> beaches of Dongting
Lake. Regulation of water by Three Gorges Reservoir
(TGR) has modified timing <strong>and</strong> distribution of water, <strong>and</strong>
reduced flood rates <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong> area <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> time of
<strong>the</strong> beaches emerging out in Dongting Lake has been
changed, which affects <strong>the</strong> animals that inhabit in <strong>the</strong>
beach areas. We show <strong>the</strong> data of rodent species
composition from 1991 on <strong>the</strong> beach. It can be deduced
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