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Xinqing ZHAO, Chun WAN, Suolian GUO <strong>and</strong> Fengwu BAI Dalian University of Technology, School of Life Science <strong>and</strong> Biotechnology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. Email: xqzhao@dlut.edu.cn Microalgae have been used extensively as alternative raw materials for bioenergy production. Some microalgae strains accumulate high content of lipids or starch, <strong>and</strong> are promising for biodiesel <strong>and</strong> bioethanol production. However, economic production of microalgae products in large scale is restricted by <strong>the</strong> high cost in cell recovery, which normally has high energy requirements <strong>and</strong> capital investment. Recovery of microalgae cells using biodegradable microbial flocculent is a promising method without energy costs or secondary contamination of metals. In this study, a novel biflocculant producing bacterial strain W01 was isolated from active sludge of civil wastewater, <strong>and</strong> was identified as Solibacillus silvestris. Culture broth of W01 showed excellent flocculating ability on marine microalgae. The maximum flocculation efficiency (90%) was obtained after cultivation of W01 at 37°C for 48 h. The flocculation efficiency of W01 retained stable without any addition of metal ions. Anthrone reaction, carbazole‐sulfuric acid test <strong>and</strong> Elson‐Morgen method were carried out for natural sugar, uronic acid, <strong>and</strong> amino sugar content analyses respectively, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of <strong>the</strong> purified bioflocculant indicated <strong>the</strong> presence of hydroxyl, amino groups, peptide linkage <strong>and</strong> ester linkage. The bioflocculant produced by W01 has <strong>the</strong> potential <strong>to</strong> harvest microalgae for cost‐effective energy production using microalgae. Heavy metal stressinduced biological effects <strong>and</strong> molecular mechanisms investigation Lan WANG Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China. Email: angel198408@126.com Many xenobiotics released by industries may exert potentially adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Cadmium (Cd) is one of <strong>the</strong> most deleterious heavy metals in aquatic systems. To investigate Cd‐induced biological effects <strong>and</strong> molecular mechanisms in freshwater crustacean, freshwater crabs (Sinopotamon henanense) were exposed <strong>to</strong> different concentrations of Cd for different time. The relationship between tissue‐specific Cd accumulation <strong>and</strong> metallothionein (MT) induction was first investigated using <strong>the</strong> Cd saturation assay <strong>and</strong> a<strong>to</strong>mic absorption spectropho<strong>to</strong>metry method. The results showed that a positive correlation existed between MT induction <strong>and</strong> Cd accumulation both in hepa<strong>to</strong>pancrease <strong>and</strong> gill. Antioxidant defense system, including glutathione (GSH), <strong>and</strong> enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), <strong>and</strong> glutathione peroxidase (GPx) <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with lipid peroxidation indica<strong>to</strong>r malondialdehyde (MDA) level were <strong>the</strong>n determined. The results showed <strong>the</strong>se indices were changed in a Cd‐concentration <strong>and</strong> ‐time manner, <strong>and</strong> severe oxidative damage was observed. Lastly, apop<strong>to</strong>tic changes were studied. Typical morphological characteristic <strong>and</strong> physiological changes of apop<strong>to</strong>sis were observed using a variety of methods (HE staining, AO/EB doule fluorescent staining, Transmission Electron Microscope observation <strong>and</strong> DNA fragmentation analysis), <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> activities of caspase‐3 <strong>and</strong> caspase‐9 were assayed. The results showed Cd‐induced oxidative stress can subsequently result in cell apop<strong>to</strong>sis. In summary, during Cd exposure, MT induction <strong>and</strong> antioxidant system play an important role as defensive mechanism. With <strong>the</strong> increasing Cd accumulation <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> saturation of MT induction, <strong>the</strong> generation rate of Cd‐induced cy<strong>to</strong><strong>to</strong>xic reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds <strong>the</strong> antioxidative capacity, ROS could fur<strong>the</strong>r activate apop<strong>to</strong>tic processes that may be mediated via mi<strong>to</strong>chondria‐dependent apop<strong>to</strong>sis pathway by regulating <strong>the</strong> activities of caspase‐3 <strong>and</strong> caspase‐9. How does cadmium affect <strong>the</strong> oxygen consumption of freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense Ruijing XUAN, Hao WU <strong>and</strong> Lan WANG School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China. Email: angel198408@126.com Cadmium (Cd) is one of <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>xic heavy metals in aquatic systems that could interfere with <strong>the</strong> oxygen 56
consumption of crustaceans. To explore how Cd affects <strong>the</strong> oxygen consumption of freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense, <strong>the</strong> crabs were exposed <strong>to</strong> 0.71, 1.42, 2.86mg/L Cd for three weeks. The oxygen consumption, gill morphological changes, cardiac metabolism activity (activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) <strong>and</strong> cy<strong>to</strong>chrome c oxidase (CCO), mRNA expression of CCO active subunit 1 (cco1)), cardiomyocyte ultrastructure changes <strong>and</strong> ATP level were investigated. After exposure, oxygen consumption was decreased at 2.86mg/L, which partly resulted from profound gill structural changes. The branchial epi<strong>the</strong>lial cells were necrosed, disorganized <strong>and</strong> vacuolized. Ultrastructurally, decreased number of apical microvilli, vacuolized mi<strong>to</strong>chondria <strong>and</strong> condensed chromatin in gill epi<strong>the</strong>lial cells were observed. Cd exposure also induced decreased IDH <strong>and</strong> CCO activity, down‐regulation of cco1 mRNA expression with <strong>the</strong> loss of cardiomyocyte mi<strong>to</strong>chondrial membrane integrity, suggesting <strong>the</strong> impaired cardiac metabolism activity. Heart ATP level was lower than that in control. By coupling morphological <strong>to</strong> physiological <strong>and</strong> biochemical endpoints, this work provides new insights in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> mechanisms involved in metal <strong>to</strong>xicity <strong>and</strong> metabolism impairment of S. henanenseexposed <strong>to</strong> Cd. How rapid was <strong>the</strong> biggest biological mass extinction during <strong>the</strong> Phanerozoic? Permian‐Triassic boundary. To better constrain <strong>the</strong> timing, <strong>and</strong> ultimately <strong>the</strong> causes of this event, we collected a suite of geochronologic, iso<strong>to</strong>pic <strong>and</strong> biostratigraphic data on tens of well‐preserved Permian‐Triassic sections in South China <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> peri‐Gondwanan region. High‐precision U‐Pb dating based on 29 volcanic ash layers <strong>and</strong> biodiversity pattern pooled occurrence data of 4500 species in a large geographic area reveal that <strong>the</strong> extinction interval was less than 200000 years, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> extinction peak occurred just before 252.28+/‐0.08 Ma <strong>and</strong> coincided with a d13C excursion of about ‐5‰. It was synchronous in marine <strong>and</strong> terrestrial realms; associated charcoal‐rich <strong>and</strong> soot‐bearing layers indicate widespread wildfires on l<strong>and</strong>. The end‐Guadalupian biological crisis was ano<strong>the</strong>r less pronounced event separated by a high‐diversity interval more than 7 millions years long from <strong>the</strong> end‐Permian mass extinction. How <strong>to</strong> promote longevity: let H 2 S count <strong>the</strong> way Guangdong YANG School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Canada. Email: gyang@lakeheadu.ca Shuzhong SHEN Nanjing Institute of Geology <strong>and</strong> Palaeon<strong>to</strong>logy, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China. Email: szshen@nigpas.ac.cn The end‐Permian mass extinction has been universally documented as <strong>the</strong> biggest extinction during <strong>the</strong> Phanerozoic <strong>and</strong> resulted in <strong>the</strong> extinction of 95% marine species <strong>and</strong> 75% terrestrial species. In <strong>the</strong> immediate aftermath <strong>the</strong> marine ecosystem was prevailed by microbial <strong>and</strong> mono<strong>to</strong>nous communities dominated by disaster taxa, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole recovery <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> pre‐extinction level <strong>to</strong>ok more than 5 million years. Although it is <strong>the</strong> most intensively‐studied event, its causes <strong>and</strong> patterns remain contentious yet. It has been documented that <strong>the</strong> end‐Permian mass extinction was a protracted event beginning from <strong>the</strong> end‐Guadalupian about 8 million years before <strong>the</strong> end of Permian. By contrast, some o<strong>the</strong>rs suggested that this event happened within a very short time beginning just before <strong>the</strong> 57 H 2 S, <strong>the</strong> third member of <strong>the</strong> gasotransmitter family along with nitric oxide <strong>and</strong> carbon monoxide, exerts a wide range of actions in our body. H 2 S can be endogenously produced by cystathionine gamma‐lyase (CSE) <strong>and</strong> cystathionine beta‐synthase (CBS), <strong>and</strong> one of <strong>the</strong> signaling mechanisms of H 2 S is post‐translational modification of proteins through S‐sulfhydration. Aging at <strong>the</strong> cellular level, known as cellular senescence, can result from increases in oxidative stress. Here we showed that mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from CSE knockout mice (KO‐MEFs) displayed increased oxidative stress <strong>and</strong> cellular senescence in comparison with MEFs from wild‐type mice (WT‐MEFs) in a passage‐dependent manner. Incubation of <strong>the</strong> cells with NaHS (a well‐known H 2 S donor) significantly increased glutathione level <strong>and</strong> rescued KO‐MEFs from senescence. Short interfering‐mediated knockdown of CBS also stimulated cell.
Page 1 and 2:
Welcome to
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Hosts The IUBS The
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Page 7 and 8: Program Overview Date Activities 4
Page 9 and 10: 1330-1830 IUBS GA
Page 11 and 12: 1530-1550 Break Section 2 Chair: Ya
Page 13 and 14: Section 4 Chair: Hari Sharma 1535-1
Page 15 and 16: Section 2 Chair: Gang Li 1020-1040
Page 17 and 18: Chair: Lily O. Rodriguez 1400-1430
Page 19 and 20: 830-1720 S-14. Biodiversity <strong
Page 21 and 22: Chair: LS Shashidhara 1600-1620 Jia
Page 23 and 24: 1200-1400 Lunch 1330-1800 Free loca
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Page 27 and 28: Working Language The working langua
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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/jour
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Lily O RODRIGUEZ, 1 Germán FORERO,
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from mutation‐drift equilibrium w
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inocula 3%, pH 7.5, media volume 25
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Jing‐Shiun JAN, 1 Che‐Jen HSIAO
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Four seasons' theo
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List of Participants N Jianmei anji
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LIU Bin liubio@bjut.edu.cn MURALIDH
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XIAO Shuhai xiao@vt.edu ZHANG Baoca
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