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Preparation of palladium nanoparticles by
biological reduction of Cinnamomum
camphora leaves
Feng ZHANG <strong>and</strong> Jiquan FU
School of Materials Science<strong>and</strong> Engineering, Beijing Institute of
Fashion Technology Beijing Key Labora<strong>to</strong>ry, Beijing 100029.
Email: fujq010@sina.con
Palladium nanoparticle products have extensive
application prospects owing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir unique optical,
electrical <strong>and</strong> biological affinity. Conventional methods
have been used for preparing palladium nanoparticles,
such as chemical <strong>and</strong> physical method. Biomass reduction
method is a new method developed in recent years.
Biomass reduction method was used <strong>to</strong> obtain palladium
nanoparticles in this paper.
Experimental part: It was investigated that preparation
process of <strong>the</strong> dry powder <strong>and</strong> extract of Cinnamomum
camphora leaves, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> technological conditions of
preparation for both preparation process were obtained.
The technological conditions of biomass reduction
process are also proposed on <strong>the</strong> basis of <strong>the</strong> preliminary
experiments.
Results <strong>and</strong> Discussion: Reduction product was
characterized <strong>and</strong> analyzed by XRD, TEM, EDS <strong>and</strong> SAED
method. XRD results shows that 4 absorption peaks in <strong>the</strong>
spectra is respectively corresponding <strong>to</strong> (111) (200) (220)
<strong>and</strong> (311) plane of elemental palladium crystal. TEM
results shows that palladium nanoparticles are spherical,
elliptical <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r irregular morphology, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> average
size of <strong>the</strong> particles about 4nm. SEAD characterization
showed that <strong>the</strong>re are clear diffraction ring in <strong>the</strong> image,
it indicates that <strong>the</strong> product is crystal palladium. EDS
analysis shows that Pd element is in <strong>the</strong> reaction products,
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> content quality is more than 80%.
Conclusion: 1. In <strong>the</strong> bio‐reduction process, <strong>the</strong>
‘palladium membrane’ floater appeared on <strong>the</strong> surface of
<strong>the</strong> reaction liquid, during that time <strong>the</strong> floater is mainly
palladium element, which is easily collected <strong>and</strong> 2. The
aggregation states of <strong>the</strong> palladium nanoparticles
prepared are spherical, elliptical <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r irregular
shape. Crystal palladium was formed. The palladium
particles average size is about 4 nm.
Preservation of pulses with <strong>the</strong> help of
Nerium indicum Linn. foliage dust <strong>and</strong>
Ricinus communis L. seed oil: study of
antinutritional <strong>and</strong> nutritional parameters
of five commonly utilized pulses
Shripad Mukund UPASANI
PR High School Society's Arts, Commerce <strong>and</strong> Science College,
1786 Shree Vitthal M<strong>and</strong>ir, Opp. Juna Rath, Dharangaon
425105, India. Email:shripad.upasani1@gmail.com
Cas<strong>to</strong>r bean oil (Ricinus communis L.) has shown
excellent results in preservation of green gram <strong>and</strong>
soybean. After 12 months of s<strong>to</strong>rage no infestation has
been seen when 2 mL/kg seed oil is applied <strong>to</strong> green
gram <strong>and</strong> soybean. As much as at 1 g/kg, leaf dust of
Nerium indicum Linn. was seen ineffective in protecting
<strong>the</strong> pulses. We have selected Vigna rediata (L) Wilczek
(green gram) as it is most <strong>and</strong> Glycine max L. least
susceptible host of Callosobruchus chinensis L.
(Coleoptera: Bruchedae). In studying antinutritional
fac<strong>to</strong>rs of 5 commonly utilized pulses red gram was
found <strong>to</strong> have high amount of cyanogenetic glycosides.
Trypsin inhibi<strong>to</strong>r activity is high in soybean. There is
remarkable difference in <strong>the</strong> tannin <strong>and</strong> oxalate contents
as well as haemagglutinating activity of different pulses.
The larvae of C. chinensis penetrate seed coat <strong>and</strong> live
inside. That space also utilized by larvae for pupation,
<strong>the</strong>refore seed coat thickness <strong>and</strong> composition could
also be <strong>the</strong> descending fac<strong>to</strong>rs for infestation.
Nutritional value <strong>and</strong> germination ability of pulses
which are subjected <strong>to</strong> preservation by leaf dust <strong>and</strong>
seed oil was moni<strong>to</strong>red every 2 months up <strong>to</strong> 12
months. In control set reducing sugar level declined
significantly <strong>and</strong> marginal decline in <strong>to</strong>tal carbohydrates,
proteins <strong>and</strong> protease activity has been seen than <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>
treated sets. In contrast <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>se, <strong>the</strong> bacterial <strong>and</strong>
fungal count in control was found <strong>to</strong> be almost double
<strong>and</strong> percent germination <strong>and</strong> percent sprouting
decreased <strong>to</strong> half as compared <strong>to</strong> treated. Flavonoids
mixture isolated from Nerium indicum showed almost
90% mortality of C.chinensis in 2 hours. The aqueous
leaf extract was used <strong>to</strong> isolate flavonoids from N.
indicum <strong>and</strong> mortality was achieved at 4–6 mg/mL
concentration in filter paper diffusion assay.
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