Appendix F Detailed Cover Type Tables - USDA Rural Development

Bemidji – Grand Rapids
Biological Assessment and Evaluation
Butternut is shade intolerant and can only reproduce in openings without shade. Thus, seedlings will not
develop under the parent tree. Good seed crops are only produced every 2‐3 years, and seed production
does not begin until about age 20. As young trees grow, they need to stay in the upper canopy to fully
develop (Ostry et al., 1994).
Species Distribution and Occurrences within the Study Area
Coladonato (1991) provides the following Distribution information:
Butternut is distributed from southeastern New Brunswick
throughout the New England States except for northern Maine
and Cape Cod. Its range extends south to include northern
New Jersey, western Maryland, Virginia, and Tennessee. Small
isolated pockets occur in North Carolina, northwestern South
Carolina, northern Georgia, northern Alabama, northern
Mississippi, and Arkansas. Westward it is found in eastern Iowa
and southeastern Minnesota. Disjunct populations occur in
Wisconsin, Michigan, and northeast into Ontario and Quebec.
Throughout most of its range, butternut is not a common tree
and its frequency is declining. The ranges of butternut and
black walnut overlap, but butternut occurs farther north than and not as far south as
black walnut.
USDA Plants Database at:
http://plants.usda.gov/java/county?state_name=Minnesota&statefips=27&symbol=JUCI
DNR Element Occurrence Data shows no known occurrences of Juglans cinerea within the Study Area.
According to DRM, there is a small population found in Northern Cass County within the LLR.
Risk Factors
Risks to occurrences of this species are direct loss of individuals due to forest clearing. This species may
benefit from additional forest opening.
4.2.5.25 Auricled Twayblade (Listera auriculata)
Auricled twayblade is listed as DNR Endangered.
Potential effects for this species are described in the following Guilds: Riparian Habitats and Lowland
Forest.
Species Description
Listera auriculata produces a flowering stem 10‐20 cm (4‐8 in.) high with small distinctive flowers that
necessitate a close examination for positive identification. Flowers are pale green with 3 sepals and 3
petals. The lower petal is modified into a broad lip that is dilated near the summit. The lip is cleft 1/4 to
1/3 its length and auricled at the base. There is a single pair of opposite, ovate, sessile leaves. Two other
species of Listera occur in the state. One of these, L. cordata, is similar but the lip is not dilated above.
Listera convallarioides is also similar and does have a dilated lip, but the base in not auricled.
Species Habitat
In the Great Lakes region, L. auriculata is reported to colonize sites near the mouths of streams, above
the normal high‐water line, either in sand under Alnus spp. (alders) or on mossy banks under forest
trees (Case, 1964). In Minnesota, it is characteristically found along streams or pond margins in low,
moist hardwood forests, mixed hardwood‐coniferous forest, and shrub swamps. It is also found on the
July 2010 Species and Associated Habitat Page 4‐66