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23 young composer and performer was undoubtedly inspirational to numerous other young aspiring rock musicians. Proliferation of rock bands in Durban 1963-1973 Durban: The Centre of South African Rock With The Blue Jeans having opened up the possibilities of live rock'n'roll in the city, it was not long before a plethora of rock'n'roll bands began forming and playing at venues in and around Durban. The mid-1960s was an exciting time for young musicians who, inspired by the influx of American and British rock'n'roll recordings, began experimenting with the genre themselves. According to steve Fataar, Durban experienced a 'boom' in the numbers of rock bands that were formed between 1963 and 1973. It has been confirmed by many, if not all, of my informants from this time period, that Durban was the epicentre of the rock revolution in South Africa, and that bands in other centres modelled themselves on Durban bands. Fataar went as far as to say that 'in the 1960s, Durban's rock'n'roll bands invaded Cape Town' and that 'there were more good rock bands in Durban in the 1960s than anywhere else. The Johannesburg bands copied Durban bands... ,5 The reasons for this rock music 'boom' in Durban and not, for argument ' s sake, J ohannesburg (the economic cent re of South Africa), are not easily deciphered, although various suggestions seem logical and were widely supported by interviewees and by statements found in newspaper articles. Firstly, Natal, and therefore Durban was (and is) more a remnant of colonialism than other commercial centres in South 5 An Interview conducted on the 19th of May, 1994 at the University of Natal with steve Fataar provides some of the information presented in this section. The rest of the information has been gleaned from newspaper articles and Chilvers' and Jasiukowicz' s History of Contemporary Music of South Africa, pp. 38-39.
24 Africa. Although South Africa (originally known as the Union of South Africa) consisted of four provinces and elected its own government, up until 1961 it essentially remained a colony of Britain and regarded Britain as its mother country. From 1910 1960, Afrikaner Nationalists fought for independence from Britain which they eventually gained in May 1961 when South Africa became a republic. The majority of Natalians (many of them British descendants) resisted this move to the last moment, and this resistance has earned Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal) the appellation 'The Last Outpost of the British Empire'. As far back as 1927, Natal demonstrated its loyalty to Britain with attempts to resist the process of republicanisation. One of the most controversial issues raised in the 1920s was that of the Flag Bill (introduced in 1926 and passed in 1927): In 1926-7 ... , the idea of replacing [the Union Jack] by a 'clean' flag as the Nationalists, perhaps not very tactfully, described a flag having no features of the Union Jack or the old Republican flags caused a tremendous uproar in the province. Such a flag ... was totally rejected by Natal and parts of the Eastern Province... 6 The heated debate surrounding the flag issue in Natal demonstrates the loyalty felt by Natalians to Britain, and their renunciation of republican ideals. Up until 1958, the National Party (NP) had not won an election by a big enough majority to hold a national referendum on the question of republicanisation. When the NP won a 65% majority in the 1958 election, however, Dr Verwoerd, the new president, immediately gave the vote to 18-year olds. This was significant since republicanism was popular amongst Afrikaner youths and Afrikaans 18 - 21 year olds outnumbered English by 65% to 35%. This new group of votes made a great difference when a republican referendum was held on the 5th of October, 1960. Although white 6 . E. Brookes and C. Webb, A Hlstory of Natal, Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 1965, p. 271.
Page 1 and 2: Lindy van der Meulen FROM ROCK 'N '
Page 4 and 5: ABSTRACT This thesis introduces the
Page 8: INTRODUCTION Reasons for Research T
Page 11: Thus, my twenty year period spans a
Page 16: Theoretical Perspectives Broad Theo
Page 20: 13 rock musicians. Although I never
Page 25 and 26: 18 a culture not different from my
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 5 20 Chapter Five addresses
Page 29: 22 The line-up of the band went thr
Page 35: 28 venues opened up in Durban which
Page 38 and 39: 31 'sessions', and therefore were i
Page 40 and 41: 33 bills. The separation of populat
Page 43 and 44: 36 a 'golden decade' of opportuniti
Page 45: 38 would give to South African pop
Page 56 and 57: 49 have caused Durban rock bands to
Page 59: 52 During this period, the scope fo
Page 64: 43 57 If you make a jigsaw puzzle,
Page 69: 62 members. This did not seem to af
Page 78: 71 Durban Rag concert in early 1984
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75 Usuals played mainly reggae and
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78 The streetrockers played a comme
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80 greatest gift to song - the orga
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Figure 3. 83 The Mods From left to
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Figure 5. 85 Young Fan in a Paper F
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Figure 8 (please turn over). 88 Cro
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Figure 10. 90 Wild Youth and Fans i
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Figure 13. 93 Powerage From left to
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95 CHAPTER 3 ROCK MUSIC IN DURBAN I
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99 government and big business were
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101 Britain, Durban youngsters stro
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106 changing. We were lucky. We cam
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110 Nothing really changed I'm glad
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11 5 The Workers' resistance moveme
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11 9 a final attempt to regain cont
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121 Another song entitled 'System'
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125 use of a maskanda-like guitar r
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130 CHAPTER 4 WOMEN AND ROCK IN DUR
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132 relationship of women to the ge
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134 in the workplace [or band] .dO
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137 family and band life. In practi
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145 music and bitterly resented the
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148 participate more actively in ro
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..' 151 played by men (bass, electr
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Conclusion 153 This chapter has exp
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and when 156 less formally organize
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159 South Africa). Durban record co
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161 of Warner Brothers) and EMI. Th
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163 Independent Record Companies an
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165 local rock was inferior. Accord
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170 strike one as particularly ente
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CONCLUSION 173 CHAPTER 6 This thesi
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2 Cullen, J. 'Bruce Springstein's A
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4 Martin, D. (tiansl V. Morrison),
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Newspapers and Magazines The Daily
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8 ________• 'Love You A Little Mo
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Interviews 11 Baney, Brian, A Stiff
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13 11. Leopard, 'Underestimator', f
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