D.H. Lammlein PhD Dissertation - Vanderbilt University

Figure 16: Left(FE streamline), Middle(analytical streamline),Right(CT). Figure from
[61].................................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 17: Finite element mesh and boundary conditions, figure from [62].................... 32
Figure 18: Temperature contour over the plate(left), and in the vicinity of the tool(right),
figure from [62]................................................................................................................. 33
Figure 19: CFD and empirical weld parameters and average process force data, figure
from [63]. .......................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 20: Modeled temperature distributions without considering tool rotation, figure
from [63]. .......................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 21: Modeled temperature distributions without considering tool rotation, figure
from [64]. .......................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 22: Temperature distribution with consideration of tool rotation, figure from [64].
........................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 26: Experimental(white) versus model predicted(gold) marker material dispersal.
Depth in mm: a)0.0 b)0.6 c) 1.1 d)1.6 e)2.1 f)2.6; figure from[65]............................. 39
Figure 28: Top view schematic of tunnel defect initiation, figure from [67]. .................. 41
Figure 29: Dynamic pressure trend lines for spindle speed N and depth y at weld speed a)
v=30mm/min b)90 mm/min. Figure from [67]................................................................. 42
Figure 31: Blind type t-joint setup with no gap in clamps (untracked configuration). ..... 49
Figure 30: Blind t-joint setup with squared gap (1/8”x1/8”) in clamps (tracked
configuration). ................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 32: Process forces and lateral offset for two separate welds using the untracked
clamp geometry. ................................................................................................................ 50
Figure 33: Process forces and lateral offset for two separate welds using the untracked
clamp geometry (t=70s to t=130s). ................................................................................... 51
Figure 34: A similar test using the tracked geometry (t=70s to t=130s). ......................... 52
vii