FIRE DESIGN OF STEEL MEMBERS - Civil and Natural Resources ...

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5.4 RESULTS FOR FOUR SIDED EXPOSURE WITH BOX PROTECTION:...................................99 5.4.1 Steel Beams with Box Protection:......................................................................100 5.5 RESULTS FOR FOUR SIDED EXPOSURE WITH THICK PROTECTION: ..............................102 5.5.1 Results from a Simulation in the SAFIR programme: .......................................103 5.5.2 Comparison with the ECCS equation:...............................................................104 5.6 RESULTS FOR THREE SIDED EXPOSURE WITH HEAVY PROTECTION:...........................106 5.6.1 Results from a Simulation with the SAFIR Programme: ...................................107 5.6.2 Heavily Protected Beams with Three Sided Exposure: .....................................109 5.6.3 Comparison with the ECCS Formula:...............................................................111 5.7 COMPARISONS WITH FIRECALC:.................................................................................113 5.7.1 Heavily Protected Beam with Three Sided Exposure:.......................................113 5.8 CONCLUSIONS: ...........................................................................................................115 6 COMPARISON OF METHODS USING OTHER FIRE CURVES: ......................117 6.1 INTRODUCTION:..........................................................................................................117 6.2 EUROCODE PARAMETRIC FIRES: ................................................................................117 6.2.1 Introduction:......................................................................................................117 6.2.2 Assumptions:......................................................................................................118 6.2.3 Results for unprotected steel exposed to the Eurocode Parametric fire: ..........118 6.2.4 Results for protected steel: ................................................................................121 6.3 REAL FIRES:................................................................................................................123 6.3.1 Unprotected Steel: .............................................................................................124 6.3.2 Protected Steel:..................................................................................................126 7 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL IN EUROCODE 3:......................................................129 7.1 INTRODUCTION:..........................................................................................................129 7.2 ANALYSIS OF THE EUROCODE:...................................................................................130 7.2.1 Design Methods for Performance Requirements: .............................................130 7.2.2 Structural fire Design:.......................................................................................132 7.2.3 Thermal Analysis of Steel Members: .................................................................136 7.2.4 Mechanical Properties: .....................................................................................137 7.2.5 Thermal Properties: ..........................................................................................138 7.2.6 External Steelwork: ...........................................................................................139 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: ....................................................143 8.1 UNPROTECTED STEEL MEMBERS: ..............................................................................143 8.2 PROTECTED STEEL MEMBERS: ...................................................................................143 8.3 CHANGES TO NZS 3404: ............................................................................................144 vii
8.4 FURTHER RESEARCH: .................................................................................................144 9 NOMENCLATURE: ....................................................................................................145 10 REFERENCES: ............................................................................................................147 APPENDIX A – SPREADSHEET METHOD:...................................................................153 APPENDIX B – SAFIR:........................................................................................................155 SAFIR INPUT.........................................................................................................................156 DIAMOND OUTPUT...............................................................................................................160 APPENDIX C – FIRECALC................................................................................................161 viii
Page 1 and 2: Fire Design of Steel Members K R Le
Page 4: ABSTRACT: The New Zealand Steel Cod
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS: ABSTRACT:.......
Page 12 and 13: LIST OF FIGURES: FIGURE 1.1: VARIAT
Page 14: FIGURE 5.11: TEMPERATURE CONTOUR LI
Page 17 and 18: designed with confidence. Full scal
Page 19 and 20: eams and struts when subjected to a
Page 21 and 22: Gilvery and Dexter, (1997), prepare
Page 23 and 24: with conditions specified to ensure
Page 25 and 26: 1.6 BACKGROUND INFORMATION: 1.6.1 F
Page 27 and 28: experienced in fire situations, but
Page 29 and 30: The thermal conductivity is not imp
Page 31 and 32: [ The heated perimeter of the steel
Page 33 and 34: The advantages of board systems are
Page 35 and 36: The values for the thermal properti
Page 37 and 38: insulation has on the rise of the s
Page 39 and 40: ( T − T ) k H p f s ∆t ∆T
Page 41 and 42: spreadsheet method very closely, wi
Page 43 and 44: protection, and for user defined fi
Page 45 and 46: This equation originates from the y
Page 47 and 48: 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0.
Page 49 and 50: time. The value of the wall lining
Page 51 and 52: The Eurocode does not define a meth
Page 53 and 54: f f y y ( T ) (20) = 1.0 0 < T < 21
Page 55 and 56: temperature is chosen because it is
Page 57 and 58: The variation of yield stress data
Page 59 and 60: 15 m -1 < H p /A < 275 m -1 in NZS
Page 61 and 62:
= H p A (m -1 ) 7.85 The cons
Page 63 and 64:
Connections: NZS 3404 requires that
Page 66 and 67:
4 CALCULATION OF STEEL TEMPERATURES
Page 68 and 69:
4.1.2 Analysis Between Methods of T
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 4.2 shows the variation of t
Page 72 and 73:
Minimum temperatures Maximum temper
Page 74 and 75:
For all three sizes of beam, the sp
Page 76 and 77:
Temperature ( o C) 1200 1000 800 60
Page 78 and 79:
The ECCS equation has a time period
Page 80 and 81:
4.3.1 Results from simulations with
Page 82 and 83:
From Figure 4.5 a-c, the formula ra
Page 84 and 85:
Temperature ( o C) 1000 800 600 400
Page 86 and 87:
average temperature of the beam, be
Page 88 and 89:
Temperature ( o C) 1400 1200 1000 8
Page 90 and 91:
significantly decreased from a cool
Page 92 and 93:
Since both programmes use the same
Page 94 and 95:
Therefore, the ECCS equations provi
Page 96 and 97:
5 CALCULATION OF STEEL TEMPERATURES
Page 98 and 99:
calculations made by the spreadshee
Page 100 and 101:
susceptible to heating, heat up mor
Page 102 and 103:
Figure 5.3 a-c show the results fro
Page 104 and 105:
7850*600*10500 > 2*775*1100*(1869*2
Page 106 and 107:
As can be seen from Figure 5.4 a-c,
Page 108 and 109:
310 UB 40.4 beam H p /A = 241 m -1
Page 110 and 111:
The SAFIR results fit between the t
Page 112 and 113:
constant specific heat being used i
Page 114 and 115:
From Figure 5.7 a-c, it appears tha
Page 116 and 117:
800 Temperature ( o C) 600 400 200
Page 118 and 119:
To examine the limits of the thickn
Page 120 and 121:
1000 Temperature ( o C) 800 600 400
Page 122 and 123:
Thermal conductivity, k i = 0.19 W/
Page 124 and 125:
1000 Temperature ( o C) 800 600 400
Page 126 and 127:
the slab except to reduce the secti
Page 128 and 129:
Figure 5.14 shows the correlation b
Page 130 and 131:
5.8 CONCLUSIONS: The thermal behavi
Page 132 and 133:
6 COMPARISON OF METHODS USING OTHER
Page 134 and 135:
Temperature ( o C) 1200 1000 800 60
Page 136 and 137:
6.2.4 Results for protected steel:
Page 138 and 139:
Figures 6.2 b shows the comparison
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 6.3 a shows that the average
Page 142 and 143:
The fire that the test beams were e
Page 144 and 145:
7 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL IN EUROCODE 3
Page 146 and 147:
For thermal analysis in Eurocode 3,
Page 148 and 149:
To determine the performance of a s
Page 150 and 151:
The plastic neutral axis is located
Page 152 and 153:
It is therefore recommended that th
Page 154 and 155:
These methods may be used to provid
Page 156:
Eurocode has a large annex with gui
Page 159 and 160:
8.3 CHANGES TO NZS 3404: The follow
Page 161 and 162:
H v height of the ventilation (m) I
Page 163 and 164:
EC3, 1995. Eurocode 3: Design of St
Page 165 and 166:
Temperature Conditions. National Re
Page 168 and 169:
APPENDIX A - SPREADSHEET METHOD: Be
Page 170 and 171:
APPENDIX B - SAFIR: In Figure B.2 i
Page 172 and 173:
*.str file developed by the pre pro
Page 174 and 175:
22 FISO 23 FISO FISO 24 FISO FISO 2
Page 176:
APPENDIX C - FIRECALC Below in Figu
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