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Harmathy, T.Z.,1993. Fire Design and Concrete. Concrete Design and Construction Series. Longman Scientific and Technical, UK. Inwood, M, 1999. Review of the New Zealand standard for concrete structures (NZS3101) for high strength and lightweight concrete exposed to fire. University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Kirby, B.R., Wainman, D.E., Tomlinson, L.N., Kay, T.R., Peacock, B.N. 1994 Natural Fires in Large Scale Compartments, British Steel Technical, Swinden, UK Kodur, V.K.R., Nwosu, D.I., Sultan M.A., Franssen, J.-M. 1999 Application of the SAFIR Computer Program for Evaluating Fire Resistance. Proceedings – Third International Conference on Fire Research and Engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, MD, USA. Martin, L.H., Purkiss, J.A., 1992. Structural Design of Steelwork to BS 5950, Edward Arnold, Huddersfield, Great Britain Mason, L, 2000, Thermal Analysis of Structures Exposed to Fire. Fire Engineering Research Report, University of Canterbury (in preparation) Melinek S.J, 1989. Prediction of the Fire Resistance of Insulated Steel, Fire Safety Journal, Vol 10 pp 127-134. Melinek S.J., Thomas P.H. 1987. Heat Flow to Insulated Steel, Fire Safety Journal, Vol 12 pp 1-8 Milke, J.A. 1999. Performance-Based Analysis of Fire Resistance of Construction Assemblies. Proceedings – Third International Conference on Fire Research and Engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Bethesda, MD, USA. Nwosu, D.I., Kodur, V.K.R., Franssen, J.M., Hum, J.K., 1999. User Manual for SAFIR, A Computer Programme for Analysis of Structures at Elevated 149
Temperature Conditions. National Research Council of Canada Institute for Research in Construction. Petterson,O.,Magnusson, S-E., Thor, J., 1976. Fire Engineering Design of Steel Structures. Translated by L.J.Gruber. Bulletin No. 52, Div of Structural Mechanics andn Concrete Construction, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden. O’Connor, M.A., Martin, D.M. 1998. Behaviour of a Multi-storey Steel Framed Building subjected to Fire Attack, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 46, No. 1-3. Poh, K.W., 1996. Modelling Elevated Temperature Properties of Structural Steel. The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited. HERA Proe, D.J., Bennets, I.D., Thomas, I.R. 1986 1 . Simulation of the Fire Testing of Structural Steel Elements by Calculation – Mechanical Response. Steel Construction, Vol. 19, No.4, pp 2-18. Proe, D.J., Bennets, I.D., Thomas, I.R. 1986 2 . Simulation of the Fire Testing of Structural Steel Elements by Calculation – Overall Behaviour. Steel Construction, Vol. 19, No.4, pp 19-32. Purkiss, J.A. 1996. Fire Safety Engineering Design of Structures. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, England. SAA, 1990. Steel Structures. AS 4100-1990. Standards Association of Australia. SNZ, 1997. Steel Structures Standard. NZS 3404: Part 1 & Part 2 1997. Standards New Zealand, Wellington Spearpoint, M., 1998. A Comparison of the Predictions from the THELMA Finite Element Model with a Full-Scale Fire Experiment, Project Report, Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland. 150
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Fire Design of Steel Members K R Le
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ABSTRACT: The New Zealand Steel Cod
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TABLE OF CONTENTS: ABSTRACT:.......
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5.4 RESULTS FOR FOUR SIDED EXPOSURE
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LIST OF FIGURES: FIGURE 1.1: VARIAT
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FIGURE 5.11: TEMPERATURE CONTOUR LI
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designed with confidence. Full scal
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eams and struts when subjected to a
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Gilvery and Dexter, (1997), prepare
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with conditions specified to ensure
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1.6 BACKGROUND INFORMATION: 1.6.1 F
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experienced in fire situations, but
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The thermal conductivity is not imp
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[ The heated perimeter of the steel
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The advantages of board systems are
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The values for the thermal properti
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insulation has on the rise of the s
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( T − T ) k H p f s ∆t ∆T
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spreadsheet method very closely, wi
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protection, and for user defined fi
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This equation originates from the y
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1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0.
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time. The value of the wall lining
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The Eurocode does not define a meth
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f f y y ( T ) (20) = 1.0 0 < T < 21
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temperature is chosen because it is
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The variation of yield stress data
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15 m -1 < H p /A < 275 m -1 in NZS
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= H p A (m -1 ) 7.85 The cons
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Connections: NZS 3404 requires that
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4 CALCULATION OF STEEL TEMPERATURES
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4.1.2 Analysis Between Methods of T
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Figure 4.2 shows the variation of t
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Minimum temperatures Maximum temper
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For all three sizes of beam, the sp
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Temperature ( o C) 1200 1000 800 60
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The ECCS equation has a time period
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4.3.1 Results from simulations with
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From Figure 4.5 a-c, the formula ra
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Temperature ( o C) 1000 800 600 400
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average temperature of the beam, be
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Temperature ( o C) 1400 1200 1000 8
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significantly decreased from a cool
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Since both programmes use the same
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Therefore, the ECCS equations provi
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5 CALCULATION OF STEEL TEMPERATURES
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calculations made by the spreadshee
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susceptible to heating, heat up mor
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Figure 5.3 a-c show the results fro
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7850*600*10500 > 2*775*1100*(1869*2
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As can be seen from Figure 5.4 a-c,
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310 UB 40.4 beam H p /A = 241 m -1
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The SAFIR results fit between the t
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constant specific heat being used i
Page 114 and 115: From Figure 5.7 a-c, it appears tha
Page 116 and 117: 800 Temperature ( o C) 600 400 200
Page 118 and 119: To examine the limits of the thickn
Page 122 and 123: Thermal conductivity, k i = 0.19 W/
Page 126 and 127: the slab except to reduce the secti
Page 128 and 129: Figure 5.14 shows the correlation b
Page 130 and 131: 5.8 CONCLUSIONS: The thermal behavi
Page 132 and 133: 6 COMPARISON OF METHODS USING OTHER
Page 134 and 135: Temperature ( o C) 1200 1000 800 60
Page 136 and 137: 6.2.4 Results for protected steel:
Page 138 and 139: Figures 6.2 b shows the comparison
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6.3 a shows that the average
Page 142 and 143: The fire that the test beams were e
Page 144 and 145: 7 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL IN EUROCODE 3
Page 146 and 147: For thermal analysis in Eurocode 3,
Page 148 and 149: To determine the performance of a s
Page 150 and 151: The plastic neutral axis is located
Page 152 and 153: It is therefore recommended that th
Page 154 and 155: These methods may be used to provid
Page 156: Eurocode has a large annex with gui
Page 159 and 160: 8.3 CHANGES TO NZS 3404: The follow
Page 161 and 162: H v height of the ventilation (m) I
Page 163: EC3, 1995. Eurocode 3: Design of St
Page 168 and 169: APPENDIX A - SPREADSHEET METHOD: Be
Page 170 and 171: APPENDIX B - SAFIR: In Figure B.2 i
Page 172 and 173: *.str file developed by the pre pro
Page 174 and 175: 22 FISO 23 FISO FISO 24 FISO FISO 2
Page 176: APPENDIX C - FIRECALC Below in Figu
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