jp8589 WRI.qxd - World Resources Institute

INDEX
environmental income, 38, 39
Spirituality and religion, 34
Sri Lanka, 167–168, 169
Sustainable development
common pool resources, 41
livelihoods approach to, 36
Millennium Development Goals, 26, 154–161
poverty as obstacle to, 5–10
in poverty reduction strategy papers, 166–167
problems of ecosystem commercialization, 105
tenure systems and, 57, 59, 60
Sweden, 116
T
Taiwan, 35
Tanzania, 14, 22, 66, 99
environmental income, 49
land tenure system, 85, 86
woodfuel usage, 47, 52
See also Woodlands Regeneration in Tanzania
(HASHI Project)
Taxation, 24–25
Telapak, 139, 140, 141, 142
Tenure
benefits of reform, 83, 85–86
common pool resources, 19–23, 59–61
conceptual trends, 56
decentralization of governance and, 56, 86
definition, 56, 58
dual systems trends, 60–61
effects of tenure insecurity, 56–57
environmental investment and, 57–59, 86
failures of reform, 86–87
in forest and marine ecosystems, 58, 59, 84, 85
globalization and, 56
importance of, 19, 57
Millennium Development Goals, 159
pastureland rights, 61
poverty reduction and, 59, 62, 83
in poverty reduction strategy papers, 167–168
pressure for reform, 61–62
rights and obligations, 56, 58
role of state in establishing, 93
social relationships and, 56
traditional systems, 58, 60–61, 83–85
Thailand, 86
environmental income, 35, 48
Trade
agricultural products, 30–31, 35
fair-trade certification, 94–95
global distribution, 28
Transportation infrastructure, 97, 98
U
Ucunivanua, Fiji. See Fiji, fisheries management in
Uganda, 16, 25, 75, 97
governance decentralization in, 88–89
land tenure system, 85, 86
United Kingdom, 116, 139
Department for International Development, 36
United Nations, 5
Development Programme, 8, 36, 131
Food and Agriculture Organization, 73
Millenium Declaration, 154
poverty assessment, 8
See also Millennium Development Goals
United States, 116
Agency for International Development, 117, 122
agricultural trade and subsidization, 30, 31
household spending, 14
poverty patterns, 12
University of the South Pacific, 145, 146
V
Vietnam, 75
poverty trends, 10
W
Water management
ecosystem approach, 81–82
future prospects, 16
Millennium Development Goals, 155
outcomes, 81–82, 90
in poverty reduction strategy papers approach, 164
See also Indo-German Watershed Development Program
Watershed Organization Trust, 124–126, 127, 129
Wild income, 34, 35, 37–39
Women’s issues
access to information, 75
access to resources, 170
benefits of Namibian conservancy program, 117–118
decentralized environmental management, 68–69
environmental income, 40
health risks, 21
obstacles to educational attainment, 52
outcomes of Indo-German Watershed Development
Program, 128–129
outcomes of Tanzanian woodlands management project,
134, 135
participation in Fijian fisheries management, 150, 151
participation in governance, 75–76, 92
in poverty reduction strategy papers, 170
property rights and regulation, 87
Woodfuels, 47, 52
associated health risks, 21
253