IPDE - Extranet Systems - World Health Organization

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9 Problems in the field of PD cultures; determine the intertater reliability of the IPDE in its various language versions; and investigate selected aspects of assessment, such as temporal stability. All of these objectives are essential to progress in the field of PD. References 1 McCrae. R.R. & Costa. Jr., P.T. Personality in Adulthood. New York: Guilford, 1990. 2 Smith Benjamin, L. Interperso~l Diagnosis and Treatment of Personality Disorders. New York: Guilford, 1993. 3 Cloninger, C.R., Svrakic. D.M. & Przybeck, T.R. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1993; 50: 975-90. 4 Benios. G.E. European views on personality disorders: a conceptual history. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1993; 34: 14-30. 5 Schneider, K. Psychopathic Personalities. London: Cassell, 1950. 6 World Health Organization. htemational Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, loth revision. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 1992. 7 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manwl of Mental Disorders, 3rd revised edn. Washington. DC. American Psychiatric Press 1987. 8 Lewis, A. Psychopathic personality: a most elusive category. Psychological Medicine. 1974; 4: 13M. 9 Zimmerman. M. Diagnosing personality disorders. A review of issues and research methods. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1994; 51: 22545. 10 Livesley, W.J. & Jackson. D.N. Guidelines for developing, evaluating, and revising the classilicalion of personality disorders. Journnl of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1992; 180: 609-18. I1 Loranger, A.W.. Lenzenweger, M.F., Gartner, A.F., Susman. V.L. et al. Traitstate anifacts and the diagnosis of personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1991; 48: 720-8. 12 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised 4th edn. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press 1994. 13 Widiger, T.A. Personality disorder dimensional models proposed for DSM-IV. Joumalof Perso~lity Disorders.1991; 5: 38698. 14 Kendell, R.E. Clinical validity. PsychologicalMedicine, 1989; 19: 45-55. 15 Reich, J.H. InsIniments measuring DSM-I11 and DSM-III-R personality disorders. Journal Personality Disorders. 1987: 1: 22M. 16 Bdo. 1.1. & Carpenter, W. On the methods and theory of reliability. Journal Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1976; 163: 307-17.
Review of diagnostic instruments for the assessment of personality disorders Armand W. Loranger This chapter is intended to acquaint the reader with most of the instruments specifically designed to diagnose the personality disorders (PDs). The review makes no pretense at completeness. Preference is given to interviews and inventories that have also been used by investigators other than the developers themselves. The International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) is not included, since most of this volume (see Part 11) is devoted to it. The account is mainly descriptive rather than analytical. For more of the latter, the interested reader will find Zimmennan's recent review especially informative.' There is an axiom in psychometrics that the more closely a test samples the criterion it attempts to predict, the more valid it is likely to be. Historically, the identification and delineation of PDs has emerged primarily from clinical observation. Therefore, it should not be surprising if diagnoses based on semistructured clinical interviews approximate clinical diagnoses more than those based on self-administered inventories. The obvious limitation of the latter is their inability to provide the observations, cross-examination, and judgement of the experienced clinician. Except for the dementias and mental retardation, there is nothing in the history of clinical psychological tests to warrant their being viewed as a close approximation to a psychiatric diagnosis. Self-administered tests, however, may be valuable as economical screening devices. The literahlre suggests that personality disorder inventories are especially prone to false-positive diagn~ses.~ Of course this is precisely what one expects from a screening instrument, where the main concern is to guard against an intolerable number of false-negatives. Because dimensional information is often used to supplement categorical PD diagnoses, inventories may also prove useful in estimating the extent to which an individual shares certain maladaptive traits with those who fulfil1 the categorical requirements for a particular type of PD. The estimates, however, are likely to be no more than moderately correlated with dimensional assessments based on semistructured clinical interviews.
Page 2 and 3: Until recently, the standardization
Page 4 and 5: Assessment and diagnosis of persona
Page 6 and 7: Contents Contributors Preface Annan
Page 8 and 9: Contributors Dr Antonio Andreoli Ho
Page 10 and 11: Preface One of the major goals of t
Page 12 and 13: ... Xlll Acknowledgements The IPDE
Page 14 and 15: Problems in the field of personalit
Page 16 and 17: 5 Problems in the field of PD perso
Page 18 and 19: 7 Problems in the field of PD In DS
Page 22 and 23: 11 Review of diagnostic instruments
Page 30 and 31: 19 Epidemiology of DSM-Ill PDs in c
Page 32 and 33: Table l. Prevalence rates of specif
Page 35 and 36: 24 1. H. Reich and G. de Girolamo (
Page 37 and 38: 26 .- 5 2 0 W C .- 0 P g F ? g e Q
Page 39 and 40: 28 J. H. Reich and G. de Girolarno
Page 41 and 42: Table 3. Prevalence rates ofpersona
Page 44 and 45: Pfohl etal.. l986 (67) Pilgrim & Ma
Page 46 and 47: 35 Epidemiology of DSM-Ill PDs were
Page 48 and 49: 37 Epidemiology of DSM-Ill PDs migh
Page 50 and 51: 39 Epidemiology of DSM-Ill PDs 23 R
Page 52 and 53: 4 1 Epidemiology of DSM-Ill PDs 55
Page 54 and 55: 43 International personality disord
Page 56 and 57: I 45 IPDE iner what he is actually
Page 58 and 59: 47 IPDE Sample of IPDE item The que
Page 60 and 61: 49 IPDE dimensional scores are not
Page 62 and 63: 1 9 IPDE considerable training and
Page 64 and 65: 53 Experiences with IPDE The invest
Page 66 and 67: 55 Experiences with IPDE passive ag
Page 68 and 69: 57 Field Trial
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59 Sampling, inte~iewers, interview
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Description of centres participatin
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63 Centres participating in IPDE fi
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P- P Table 1. Sample sizes and IPDE
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73 Results Table 3. ICD-I0 Disorder
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75 Results Table 5. Frequency of CO
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77 Results Table 8. Interrater reli
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Discussion and conclusions Armand W
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8 1 Discussion and Conclusions stab
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83 Discussion and Conclusions Repet
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Discussion and Conclusions of princ
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87 Discussion and Conclusions Frequ
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89 Discussion and Conclusions emoti
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9 1 Discussion and Conclusions inte
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93 Appendix Table A2 Persomlity dis
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95 Appendix Table A4 Personality di
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97 Appendix Table A6 Personaliry di
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99 Appendix Table SA Personaliry di
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Table A10 Personality disorder diag
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103 Appendix Table A12 Personality
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Table A13 (con?) Criterion B7 B8 1
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107 Appendix Table A13 (cont) Frequ
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109 Appendix Table A14 (cont.) Freq
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Acknowledgements 113 Manual History
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Manual History of the IPDE One of t
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116 Manual Struchlre of the IPDE Th
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118 Manual that is likely to enhanc
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120 Manual data. If examiners have
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122 Manual Scoring conventions Much
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124 Manual Recording the scores Req
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126 Manual Q. What do you do when s
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128 Manual section, if there are qu
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ICD-10 criteria and corresponding I
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132 ICD-10 criteria and correspondi
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134 IPDE ICD-10 module screening qu
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136 Screening questionnaire 47 1 lo
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I 138 IPDE ICD-10 module* interview
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140 Interview schedule 2. 0 1 2 7 0
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142 Inte~iew schedule 4. O 1 2 I N
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144 Interview schedule 6. O l Z ? 0
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146 Interview schedule 8. 0 1 2 1 0
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148 Interview schedule .10. 0 1 2 ?
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150 Interview schedule 12. 0 1 2 7
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152 lnte~iew schedule 14. 0 1 2 ? 0
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154 Interview schedule 16. 0 1 2 ?
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156 interview schedule 18. 0 1 2 ?
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158 Interview schedule 20. O 1 2 N
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164 Interview schedule *26. 0 1 2 ?
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166 lntewiew schedule 28. 0 1 2 ? 0
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170 lnte~iew schedule 32. O 1 2 7 N
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174 lntewiew schedule 36. 0 1 2 ? 0
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176 lnterv~ew schedule 38. 0 1 2 ?
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184 lnte~iew schedule 46. 0 1 2 7 0
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~ 186 Interview schedule 48. 0 1 2
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194 Interview schedule 56. 0 1 2 1
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196 Interview schedule VI. IMPULSE
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200 Interview schedule Have you eve
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202 Interview schedule 1 63. 0 1 2
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204 Intewiew schedule Rate the foll
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206 IPDE ICD-10 module handscoring
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+ 39+44=4, 208 Handscoring algorith
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210 Handscoring algorithms and summ
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IPDE ICD-10 module summary scoreshe
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224 Index paranoid 108 schizoid 108
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226 Index Personalily Assessment Sc
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