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IPDE - Extranet Systems - World Health Organization

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24 1. H. Reich and G. de Girolamo<br />

(0.6%). The rates obtained with similar insmments such as the PDQ are<br />

strikingly similar despite differences in sample size, characteristics, and<br />

response rates. In the study by Baron et al.,I4 scbizotypal PD was<br />

remarkably more common among relatives of schizophrenic probands<br />

(14.6%) than among relatives of control probands (2.1%). This result<br />

provides additional support for the specific relationship between schizophrenia<br />

and schizotypal PD.<br />

Histrionic<br />

A study by Nestadt et a1.,I6 carried out at the Baltimore (USA) site of the<br />

Epidemiological Catchment Area Program (ECA), ascertained the<br />

prevalence of histrionic PD in the community. The authors found a<br />

prevalence of 2.1% in the general population, with virtually identical<br />

rates in men and women. No significant differences were found in terms<br />

of race and education, but the prevalence was significantly higher among<br />

separated and divorced persons. Moreover, 17% of the women with<br />

histrionic PD also had a depressive disorder, an increased rate of suicide<br />

attempts, and a fourfold increase in utilization of medical services. It<br />

should be noted that the study derived the diagnosis from instruments<br />

not originally intended to diagnose personality disorders.<br />

Reich et a1.l5 and Zimmerman and C~ryell,'~ using the PDQ, found identical<br />

rates (0.4%) of narcissistic disorder. No cases were found by Maier<br />

et al.'O with the SCID, or Zimmerman and Coryell12 with the SIPD.<br />

Borderline<br />

Borderline and antisocial, have been the most studied PDs. In 1975<br />

Weissman and Myers,17 in a survey carried out in New Haven (USA)<br />

among a sample of 51 1 subjects using the SADS-L and RDC, reported a<br />

rate of only 0.2%. However, this rate was derived from an instrument not<br />

designed to measure DSM-I11 borderline PD.<br />

Reich et al.ls reported a rate of 1.3% of borderline PD with the PDQ.<br />

Zimmennan and Coryelllz obtained rates of 1.7% with the SIPD and<br />

4.6% with the PDQ. The rate of 1.7% was similar to that (1.1%) reported<br />

by Maier et al.1° Borderlines, compared to those with other PDs, exhibited<br />

higher rates of alcohol, tobacco use, phobic disorders, suicide

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