Module B1 Study Book - the Graduate School of the Environment

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Section 2: Lectures Energy Futures 11 Building Assessment Methods 20 Nuclear Power 43 Waste Policy 64 Intelligent Buildings 74 What we’s BETTA do! 86 Getting Things Built Part 1 110 Getting Things Built Part 2 127 10 Section 2: Lectures
Lecture: Energy Futures Paul Allen 20/9/06 Development Director, Centre for Alternative Technology The challenges in creating a future vision for Britain are massive and unprecedented. If we allow events overtake us, the price could be very high, but if we can act in time we can change everything. Consider a modern day. We wake up in a house heated by fuel brought to us in ways we are only dimly aware of, by an energy utility now owned in America. They have no fuel reserves beyond a couple of weeks. The house is located in an area where we know few neighbours and is mostly owned by a German bank. We breakfast on food grown heaven knows where, by unknown hands, using methods we never see. Our lunch is bought from shops that would be empty in three days without fuel. We pay for it all through a Japanese bank over which we have no control. We now depend for our continued existence on increasingly remote suppliers working through ever more distant systems that have no obligations to us, and indeed are not expected to have any. In the affluent west, the well-being of individuals and communities is now underpinned by; 1. Our hospitable, reliable climate 2. Access to abundant, cheap fossil fuels 3. Our dependence on global in-quality A sustainable future for Britain relies on us dealing with these three key challenges. Although increasing familiar individually, their respective experts work in relative isolation and their respective solutions are rarely considered in unison. 1) Our hospitable climate Since the industrial revolution, global atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased from 260 parts per million to around 380 ppm. The scientific opinion is that we have a ceiling of 440 ppm before there is a tipping point, beyond which positive feedbacks set take hold, setting us on course for abrupt, accelerated or runaway climate change. The earths ‘Carbon sinks’ have been buffering us from the worst effects of our emissions, and slowing climate change – but for how long? Atmospheric CO2 is now rising at around 2ppm a year, the tipping point will be reached in around 20 years. That gives us 10 years to develop & implement technologies that could start to bite into the problem. If global Lecture: Energy futures 11
Page 1 and 2: Module B1 Study Book Section 1: Cor
Page 3 and 4: Section 1: Core Module Information
Page 5 and 6: A warm welcome to the new students;
Page 7 and 8: Student Feedback Analysis The follo
Page 9 and 10: work was done. The marks allocated
Page 11: 5. Is any unfairness justified by t
Page 15 and 16: are not developed fast enough There
Page 17 and 18: with some coal in Europe, Asia, and
Page 19 and 20: tell exactly which day we will get
Page 21 and 22: We must integrate our science and p
Page 23 and 24: Features Consequences Impacts Table
Page 25 and 26: disposal (recycling, landfill, inci
Page 27 and 28: 9. Community 10. Business A series
Page 29 and 30: Background The Building Research Es
Page 31 and 32: Weighting of Environmental Issues 3
Page 33 and 34: 10 visual comfort 11 olfactory comf
Page 35 and 36: ESI-3: Net annual consumption of pr
Page 37 and 38: EcoHomes. 3.9.3 PROPOSED FUTURE REQ
Page 39 and 40: • The removal of two location spe
Page 41 and 42: Environmental impact of materials R
Page 43 and 44: 8. Sustainable construction - waste
Page 45 and 46: Lecture: Nuclear power Damian Randl
Page 47 and 48: ) Fission reactors: the basics For
Page 49 and 50: The core of a PWR, an open lattice
Page 51 and 52: a) Mining and extraction 75,000 ton
Page 53 and 54: further use. Optimists have suggest
Page 55 and 56: ) The economics of nuclear have bee
Page 57 and 58: wastes deep underground in Britain
Page 59 and 60: A bigger step is proposed by the Hi
Page 61 and 62: The evidence of the British Nuclear
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energy efficient as a nation and de
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5. Is any unfairness justified by t
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elates to the gradual reduction of
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The total of 335 million tonnes in
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of the waste management industry. T
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the targets, where the baseline is
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criteria for the collection, treatm
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system will strive to exploit the u
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This building, the workplace of som
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Energy Consumption Figures: • Act
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Main aspects of the project include
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(i.e. proportions of windows and op
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• Reduction in heat gains from li
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transmission lines. It was complete
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Distribution The Area Boards in Eng
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generation of electricity rose by 8
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electricity demand. The Grid and re
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Source: IEA report • "The maximum
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Time and power rating of various el
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Reducing output from a source that
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In practice: • now around 5% of t
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enewables. In the UK, Ofgem has app
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a) System regulatory barriers: what
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customers of existing electricity s
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http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sussexenerg
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issues of ‘sustainable’ develop
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Towards the Planning White Paper 20
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There is feeling amongst some archi
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eight weeks, but can often take muc
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eaching implications to both budget
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white goods (fridges, washing machi
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and Resources Action Programme (WRA
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Edwards, S (2003) Principle Consult
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Lecture: Getting Something Built Pa
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trade contractor to start and futur
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Section 3: Relevant Papers Waste Mi
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industry has placed waste reduction
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The trend in the design constructio
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minimising environmental impact (in
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ordination. Building Services Journ
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this threat that is real and yet in
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obliged now to begin planning for t
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and plant species ― from bacteria
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oil and natural gas, and some coal)
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challenging to determine what the h
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Just as it is morally obligatory to
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The cultures and religious traditio
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since they will depend upon their n
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20 Michael McCarthy, The Independen
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Heinberg, Richard. Powerdown: Optio
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2003 Green Building Costs and Finan
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How much more do green buildings co
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The Report calculates these additio
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A 1% increase in productivity (equa
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Figure 3 Financial Benefits of Gree
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Paper: Advanced Interactive Facades
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engaging an industry consortium in
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3. STATE-OF-THE-ART IN EUROPE AND U
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analyzed under a range of diverse c
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4.4 Innovation will improve hardwar
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The environmental rationale appears
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Student Essay: Ishaq Muhammad Unit:
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Source: MidTherm Limited-www.midthe
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Analysis The Dining Hall has slopin
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equired. Night-time cooling: Yes Oc
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temperature within the educational
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(Sullivan, 2006). This means the in
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Great Britain. DfES. (2006). Buildi
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• to pump the water through the p
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and energy efficiency. So people bu
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Apart from energy labelling, there
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what is worse, it is possible to re
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Tacoma Power, Tacoma Public Utiliti
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Air Blowers: Some spas are equipped
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Module B1 Study Book - the Graduate School of the Environment

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