Module B1 Study Book - the Graduate School of the Environment

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Left: Skidmore Owings and Merril’s office building of 1983 in Hartford, Connecticut, USA has been heralded as the world’s first ‘intelligent building’. This title was based upon the building’s electronic control system that linked up, through a data-highway, different systems of the building such as air conditioning, lifts and safety systems. Below: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Powergen By the time the Powergen headquarters were designed in 1994, by Bennetts Associates, ‘intelligent’ was used in relation to energy efficient buildings with an emphasis on ‘passive’ rather than ‘active’ control systems. Powergen was designed for good daylighting and natural ventilation, relying on night-time cooling. 3.0 Case Studies: New Build 3.1 BRE Office of the Future 76 Lecture: Intelligent buildings, offices
This building, the workplace of some 100 researchers and support staff, and a venue for national and international conferences, is a strong architectural statement that has redefined and given new character to BRE’s semirural campus. It optimises natural ventilation, exploits daylighting, controls glare while still allowing a view out and, very importantly, allows its occupants a high degree of control over all aspects of their indoor environment. Every part of the building has several functions – structural, architectural and service-related. For instance the exposed floor slab is architectural and structural; it provides thermal conditioning; as a fixing for the heads of the partitions; and as a services distribution route. Targets: • To achieve a BREEAM rating of “excellent” • Dry resultant temperatures not to exceed 25 degrees C for more than 5% of the year & not to exceed 28 degrees C for more than 1% of the year • Allow for user control of the environment (keep services as simple as possible) • Avoid use of conventional air conditioning systems, using natural ventilation • Good thermal characteristics -insulation standards, building envelope integrity & thermal mass • Balance between solar gain & energy considerations • Demonstrate economic viability of environmentally conscious design • Maximise use of daylight • Achieve a 30% reduction in consumed energy, compared with contemporary low energy • buildings: targets as follows: • Total electricity: 36 kWh/m2 p.a. • Total gas: 47 kWh/m2 p.a. • Total energy: 83 kWh/m2 p.a. Lecture: Intelligent buildings, offices 77
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Module B1 Study Book Section 1: Cor
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Section 1: Core Module Information
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A warm welcome to the new students;
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Student Feedback Analysis The follo
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work was done. The marks allocated
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5. Is any unfairness justified by t
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Lecture: Energy Futures Paul Allen
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are not developed fast enough There
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with some coal in Europe, Asia, and
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tell exactly which day we will get
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We must integrate our science and p
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Features Consequences Impacts Table
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disposal (recycling, landfill, inci
Page 27 and 28: 9. Community 10. Business A series
Page 29 and 30: Background The Building Research Es
Page 31 and 32: Weighting of Environmental Issues 3
Page 33 and 34: 10 visual comfort 11 olfactory comf
Page 35 and 36: ESI-3: Net annual consumption of pr
Page 37 and 38: EcoHomes. 3.9.3 PROPOSED FUTURE REQ
Page 39 and 40: • The removal of two location spe
Page 41 and 42: Environmental impact of materials R
Page 43 and 44: 8. Sustainable construction - waste
Page 45 and 46: Lecture: Nuclear power Damian Randl
Page 47 and 48: ) Fission reactors: the basics For
Page 49 and 50: The core of a PWR, an open lattice
Page 51 and 52: a) Mining and extraction 75,000 ton
Page 53 and 54: further use. Optimists have suggest
Page 55 and 56: ) The economics of nuclear have bee
Page 57 and 58: wastes deep underground in Britain
Page 59 and 60: A bigger step is proposed by the Hi
Page 61 and 62: The evidence of the British Nuclear
Page 63 and 64: energy efficient as a nation and de
Page 65 and 66: 5. Is any unfairness justified by t
Page 67 and 68: elates to the gradual reduction of
Page 69 and 70: The total of 335 million tonnes in
Page 71 and 72: of the waste management industry. T
Page 73 and 74: the targets, where the baseline is
Page 75 and 76: criteria for the collection, treatm
Page 77: system will strive to exploit the u
Page 81 and 82: Energy Consumption Figures: • Act
Page 83 and 84: Main aspects of the project include
Page 85 and 86: (i.e. proportions of windows and op
Page 87 and 88: • Reduction in heat gains from li
Page 89 and 90: transmission lines. It was complete
Page 91 and 92: Distribution The Area Boards in Eng
Page 93 and 94: generation of electricity rose by 8
Page 95 and 96: electricity demand. The Grid and re
Page 97 and 98: Source: IEA report • "The maximum
Page 99 and 100: Time and power rating of various el
Page 101 and 102: Reducing output from a source that
Page 103 and 104: In practice: • now around 5% of t
Page 105 and 106: enewables. In the UK, Ofgem has app
Page 107 and 108: a) System regulatory barriers: what
Page 109 and 110: customers of existing electricity s
Page 111 and 112: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sussexenerg
Page 113 and 114: issues of ‘sustainable’ develop
Page 115 and 116: Towards the Planning White Paper 20
Page 117 and 118: There is feeling amongst some archi
Page 119 and 120: eight weeks, but can often take muc
Page 121 and 122: eaching implications to both budget
Page 123 and 124: white goods (fridges, washing machi
Page 125 and 126: and Resources Action Programme (WRA
Page 127 and 128: Edwards, S (2003) Principle Consult
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Lecture: Getting Something Built Pa
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trade contractor to start and futur
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Section 3: Relevant Papers Waste Mi
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industry has placed waste reduction
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The trend in the design constructio
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minimising environmental impact (in
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ordination. Building Services Journ
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this threat that is real and yet in
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obliged now to begin planning for t
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and plant species ― from bacteria
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oil and natural gas, and some coal)
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challenging to determine what the h
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Just as it is morally obligatory to
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The cultures and religious traditio
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since they will depend upon their n
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20 Michael McCarthy, The Independen
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Heinberg, Richard. Powerdown: Optio
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2003 Green Building Costs and Finan
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How much more do green buildings co
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The Report calculates these additio
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A 1% increase in productivity (equa
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Figure 3 Financial Benefits of Gree
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Paper: Advanced Interactive Facades
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engaging an industry consortium in
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3. STATE-OF-THE-ART IN EUROPE AND U
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analyzed under a range of diverse c
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4.4 Innovation will improve hardwar
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The environmental rationale appears
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Student Essay: Ishaq Muhammad Unit:
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Source: MidTherm Limited-www.midthe
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Analysis The Dining Hall has slopin
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equired. Night-time cooling: Yes Oc
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temperature within the educational
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(Sullivan, 2006). This means the in
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Great Britain. DfES. (2006). Buildi
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• to pump the water through the p
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and energy efficiency. So people bu
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Apart from energy labelling, there
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what is worse, it is possible to re
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Tacoma Power, Tacoma Public Utiliti
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Air Blowers: Some spas are equipped
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Module B1 Study Book - the Graduate School of the Environment

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