Module B1 Study Book - the Graduate School of the Environment

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There is little doubt that initiatives such as pre-assembly and standardisation are realising improvements within the industry which have waste avoidance spin-offs, but realistically the mainstream industry is not addressing the issue. The construction industry as a whole was awakened to the immediate costs of waste disposal through the introduction of the landfill tax. Ironically the landfill tax is unlikely to incentivise the building services industry into action because of the relatively low volume, yet high value wastes produced. Dematerialisation, flexibility, pre-assembly and correct specification all have an important role in streamlining building services to reduce wastes. Additionally however, the more straightforward issues of coordination, communication and buildability are more likely to have an immediate impact on reducing waste in the majority of cases. The wealth of solutions to address waste created through design reflects the need to understand the reasons why wastes are generated in the first place. Each design decision, which is responsible for creating waste needs to be identified through the study of wastes arising before realistic designing out waste solutions are actioned. REFERENCES Govt Statistical Service (1998). ‘Digest of Environmental Statistics’. No/20, Government Statistical Service CIRIA (1999). ‘Waste Minimisation and Recycling in Construction’; Boardroom Handbook. CIRIA Department of Environment Transport and the Regions (1998). ‘Opportunities for Change: Consultation Paper on a UK Strategy for Sustainable Construction’. HMSO DOE (1995). ‘Making Waste Work – A Waste Strategy for England and Wale’. DOE HMSO Department of Environment Transport and the Regions (1999). ‘A Way with Waste: A Draft Waste Strategy for England and Wales, Parts 1 and 2’. DETR Crittenden B, Kolaczkowski S (1995). ‘Waste Minimisation: A Practical Guide’. IChemE Trumble W, Frenette M (1998). ‘Nortel’s Green Design Research Project Environmental Telephone’. Northern Telecom Ltd. Ontario, Canada Deaner M (1991). ‘President American Iron and Steel Institute’. Presentation of the Bureau of Mines Forum on Materials Use. Washington DC. Turner R (1986). ‘Construction Economics and Building Design’. Van Norstrand Reinhold. New York. CIRIA (1998). ‘Waste Minimisation and Recycling in Construction’. Design Manual, SP134-CIRIA, London Bunn R, Smith T (1999). ‘Egan – The Way Ahead, M&E Co-ordination’. Building Services Journal Bradley P (1999) in Bunn & Smith Article. Egan – The Way Ahead. M&E Co- 138 Paper: Waste Minimisation
ordination. Building Services Journal Womack J.P, Jones D.T (1996). ‘Lean Thinking; Banish Waste and Create Wealth in your Corporation’. Simon & Schuster, P49 Kwakye A (1991). ‘Fast Track Construction’. CIOB Occasional Paper No.46. Chartered Institute Building. Ascort, UK US Office of Technology Assessment (1992). ‘Green Products by Design, Choices for a Cleaner Environment’. Washington DC Brezet H (1998). ‘Sustainable Product Innovation’. Towards Sustainable Product Design Conference. London; The Centre for Sustainable Design Austin SA, Thompson DS (1999). ‘Integral value engineering in design’. COBRA Conference 1999, RICS, Manchester. The ICD Web-site {http://www-staff.lboro.ac.uk/~cvjwh1/index.html}. Paper: Waste Minimisation 139
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Module B1 Study Book Section 1: Cor
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Section 1: Core Module Information
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A warm welcome to the new students;
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Student Feedback Analysis The follo
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work was done. The marks allocated
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5. Is any unfairness justified by t
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Lecture: Energy Futures Paul Allen
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are not developed fast enough There
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with some coal in Europe, Asia, and
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tell exactly which day we will get
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We must integrate our science and p
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Features Consequences Impacts Table
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disposal (recycling, landfill, inci
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9. Community 10. Business A series
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Background The Building Research Es
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Weighting of Environmental Issues 3
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10 visual comfort 11 olfactory comf
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ESI-3: Net annual consumption of pr
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EcoHomes. 3.9.3 PROPOSED FUTURE REQ
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• The removal of two location spe
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Environmental impact of materials R
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8. Sustainable construction - waste
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Lecture: Nuclear power Damian Randl
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) Fission reactors: the basics For
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The core of a PWR, an open lattice
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a) Mining and extraction 75,000 ton
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further use. Optimists have suggest
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) The economics of nuclear have bee
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wastes deep underground in Britain
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A bigger step is proposed by the Hi
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The evidence of the British Nuclear
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energy efficient as a nation and de
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5. Is any unfairness justified by t
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elates to the gradual reduction of
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The total of 335 million tonnes in
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of the waste management industry. T
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the targets, where the baseline is
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criteria for the collection, treatm
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system will strive to exploit the u
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This building, the workplace of som
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Energy Consumption Figures: • Act
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Main aspects of the project include
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(i.e. proportions of windows and op
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• Reduction in heat gains from li
Page 89 and 90: transmission lines. It was complete
Page 91 and 92: Distribution The Area Boards in Eng
Page 93 and 94: generation of electricity rose by 8
Page 95 and 96: electricity demand. The Grid and re
Page 97 and 98: Source: IEA report • "The maximum
Page 99 and 100: Time and power rating of various el
Page 101 and 102: Reducing output from a source that
Page 103 and 104: In practice: • now around 5% of t
Page 105 and 106: enewables. In the UK, Ofgem has app
Page 107 and 108: a) System regulatory barriers: what
Page 109 and 110: customers of existing electricity s
Page 111 and 112: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sussexenerg
Page 113 and 114: issues of ‘sustainable’ develop
Page 115 and 116: Towards the Planning White Paper 20
Page 117 and 118: There is feeling amongst some archi
Page 119 and 120: eight weeks, but can often take muc
Page 121 and 122: eaching implications to both budget
Page 123 and 124: white goods (fridges, washing machi
Page 125 and 126: and Resources Action Programme (WRA
Page 127 and 128: Edwards, S (2003) Principle Consult
Page 129 and 130: Lecture: Getting Something Built Pa
Page 131 and 132: trade contractor to start and futur
Page 133 and 134: Section 3: Relevant Papers Waste Mi
Page 135 and 136: industry has placed waste reduction
Page 137 and 138: The trend in the design constructio
Page 139: minimising environmental impact (in
Page 143 and 144: this threat that is real and yet in
Page 145 and 146: obliged now to begin planning for t
Page 147 and 148: and plant species ― from bacteria
Page 149 and 150: oil and natural gas, and some coal)
Page 151 and 152: challenging to determine what the h
Page 153 and 154: Just as it is morally obligatory to
Page 155 and 156: The cultures and religious traditio
Page 157 and 158: since they will depend upon their n
Page 159 and 160: 20 Michael McCarthy, The Independen
Page 161 and 162: Heinberg, Richard. Powerdown: Optio
Page 163 and 164: 2003 Green Building Costs and Finan
Page 165 and 166: How much more do green buildings co
Page 167 and 168: The Report calculates these additio
Page 169 and 170: A 1% increase in productivity (equa
Page 171 and 172: Figure 3 Financial Benefits of Gree
Page 173 and 174: Paper: Advanced Interactive Facades
Page 175 and 176: engaging an industry consortium in
Page 177 and 178: 3. STATE-OF-THE-ART IN EUROPE AND U
Page 179 and 180: analyzed under a range of diverse c
Page 181 and 182: 4.4 Innovation will improve hardwar
Page 183 and 184: The environmental rationale appears
Page 185 and 186: Student Essay: Ishaq Muhammad Unit:
Page 187 and 188: Source: MidTherm Limited-www.midthe
Page 189 and 190: Analysis The Dining Hall has slopin
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equired. Night-time cooling: Yes Oc
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temperature within the educational
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(Sullivan, 2006). This means the in
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Great Britain. DfES. (2006). Buildi
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• to pump the water through the p
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and energy efficiency. So people bu
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Apart from energy labelling, there
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what is worse, it is possible to re
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Tacoma Power, Tacoma Public Utiliti
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Air Blowers: Some spas are equipped
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