Summary of Research Findings

Research on the Transcendental Meditation ® Program (continued)
ly twice as effective as progressive muscle relaxation. Long-term effects and generalizability to other populations
require further evaluation.
Study 1 Research Highlights
The effects of Transcendental Meditation and progressive muscle relaxation were compared in African-
American men and women with elevated blood pressure. Of the two techniques, Transcendental
Meditation was approximately twice as effective as progressive muscle relaxation in reducing both systolic
and diastolic blood pressure.
2. Title
Cost-Effective Hypertension Management: Comparison of Drug Therapies With an Alternative Program
Publication
The American Journal of Managed Care, Vol. 2, pp. 427-437, 1996.
Authors
Robert E. Herron, PhD,* Robert H. Schneider, MD,** Joseph V. Mandarino, PhD,† Charles N. Alexander, PhD,**
and Kenneth G. Walton, PhD.††
Conducted at
**Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy, and
**Center for Health and Aging Studies, Department of Physiological and Biological Sciences, and
††Department of Management, and
††Departments of Chemistry and Physiology, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, IA
Summary
The competitive nature of managed care organizations demands that providers seek cost-effective ways to
maintain the health of their clients. As an approach to reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, antihypertensive
medication is costly, has adverse side effects, and has questionable value in reducing coronary heart
disease. This report evaluates a behavioral stress-reduction method as an option to pharmaceutical treatment.
Randomized studies indicate that the Transcendental Meditation ® (TM) technique reduces mild hypertension
(the predominant form of hypertension) as effectively as do drug therapies. A cost-effectiveness comparison
in 1996 dollars was conducted among five standard antihypertensive medications and the TM technique over
a simulated 20-year treatment period. According to present value analysis of treatment payments, the TM technique
had the lowest present value cost, and thus appeared to be the most attractive alternative. The estimated
average cost of antihypertensive drug treatment ranged from $375 per year for hydrochlorothiazide to $1,051
per year for propranolol hydrochloride, whereas the estimated average cost of treatment with the TM technique
was $286 per year. When combined with results of controlled trials documenting the effectiveness of the TM
technique in reducing high blood pressure, decreasing morbidity and mortality, and improving the quality of
life, the present comparison suggests that this nonpharmacologic procedure may be safely used as a cost-effective
treatment of hypertension in the managed care setting.
Abstract reprinted by permission of The American Journal of Managed Care. Copyright 1996. All rights reserved
Study 2 Research Highlights
In a cost-effectiveness comparison, the estimated average cost of antihypertensive drug treatment ranged
from $375 per year for hydrochlorothiazide to $1,051 per year for propranolol hydrochloride, whereas the
estimated average cost of treatment with the Transcendental Meditation technique was $286 per year.
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