The Border of Farming and the Cultural Markers - Nordlige Verdener

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112 The heel shaped cairn with its concave façade did not represent the end of the building sequence. Subsequently a large long cairn was added to the heel-shaped cairn, with a slightly different orientation (Fig. 12). The long cairn in its final appearance then looks like a typical Caithness long cairn. The Cairn Tulloch of Assery A not far from Tulach an t-Sionnaich provides an example of a round cairn with a passage grave chamber that has been incorporated into a cairn of partly heel-shape, or a horn-shaped cairn, here even a double horn-shaped cairn (Corcoran 1966; 1972). Some of the long cairns of Caithness should hide similar building sequences: The primary round cairns with their chambers often being higher than their long cairn extensions, and the concave facades or horns with platform arrangements belonging to subsequent building phases. The great majority of the long cairns seem to be composite structures (Davidson & Henshall 1991: 47 & 55-59). As an example the long cairn of South Yarrows North could be mentioned. The monument appears as two distinct elements, in the east a pear-shaped cairn with a complex passage grave chamber, to the west a long cairn extension. Between these two elements a gap is visible, and even though some robbing of stone material has taken place, the gap is considered as a possible original feature (Davidson & Henshall 1991: 140). This might indicate that the long cairn is a later addition. At Warehouse South, not far away from South Yarrows, a steepsided mound with a complex passage grave chamber constitutes the northeastern part of the monument. A rectangular long cairn extends 37 m southwest of the chamber. By an early investigation of the monument remains of a double wall were found, which seem to have surrounded the round mound. This may indicate that the long cairn was a later addition. A similar situation seems to be represented at Na Tri Shean, where a wall face is visible at the edge of the round cairn element, also indicating that the long cairn is a later addition (Ibid.: 154-155 & 128-129). Another arrangement is seen at Camster Long where two round cairns originally covered two passage grave chambers. Later these two round cairns were incorporated in a horned long cairn with ‘false’ façades. When the two round cairns with their chambers became enclosed in the long cairn, access to the chambers was still required, and the chamber passages were consequently extended to the line of the new outer revetment (Corcoran 1972: 43; Davidson & Henshall 1991: 96-102).
113 Among the remarkably few horned long cairns in Orkney the monument at Head of Work, Mainland, seem to provide possible evidence of multi-period construction similar to what has been observed in Caithness. Towards the southeast end the long cairn rises into a prominent steep-sided slightly oval cairn. In various places short lengths of wall-face are exposed in the sloping surface of the round cairn element (Davidson & Henshall 1989: 118-119), seemingly forming its original revetment wall, later being included by the long cairn extension. Shetland Shetland can boast of more than 50 megalithic tombs. They represent the northernmost expansion of the Neolithic monumental architecture. Typologically they form a particular group of megalithic tombs, even though some features show similarities with particularly the megalithic tombs of Caithness. The development of the megalithic tombs of Orkney followed other paths. The majority of Shetland’s chambered cairns are described as heel-shaped (Turner 1998: 42), the oval/roundish cairn with its concave façade making this shape. Some of the chambers are of trefoil shape. Altogether this means that a ‘typical’ Shetland megalithic tomb should be a passage grave with a trefoil-shaped chamber in a heel-shaped cairn with a concave Fig. 12: Tulach an t-Sionnaich, Caithness, Scotland. Schematic drawing of the full multi-period sequence including the long cairn extension. After Corcoran 1972. façade. However, there is a great variation among the Shetland megalithic tombs, and very few, or perhaps only one, Vementry, combines these features in one monument. The chambers are either trefoil-shaped or rectangular in plan (Henshall 1963: 139-141), but also some polygonal dolmen-like chambers occur. Still, the trefoil-shaped chamber seems Nordlige Verdener Shetlandsprojekt
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The Border of Farming and the Cultu
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The Border of Farming and the Cultu
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Contents • Foreword H. C. Gulløv
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different parts of Scandinavia and
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7 2011; Melton 2008; 2009; Melton &
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9 consists of just a handful of sma
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11 Fig. 1: Possibly the earliest me
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13 knives, found in a long ‘knoll
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15 Fig. 4: Potsherds from Modesty.
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17 settlement was not recorded in d
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19 Among the many outstanding quest
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21 Fig. 7: Undecorated, uncarinated
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23 Fig. 8: Top: cushion macehead, S
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25 carbon dates suggest that House
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27 monument (Henshall 1963) - which
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29 Fig. 10: Notional sequence of fu
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31 it is anticipated that the resea
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33 zons. Papers Presented at the Se
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35 RCAHMS (Royal Commission on the
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37 Pinhoulland - a multi period sit
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39 general which could be interpret
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41 Fig. 3: Map of the area around P
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43 Most of the house structures are
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45 Photo Ditlev L. Mahler. Jarlshof
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47 ± 1 15 14 1 16 18 13 17 12 7 9
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± 49 14 15 16 13 18 14 15 16 17 13
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51 Bennett, K. D. et al. 1992: Holo
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53 Sacred Work: Cultivating the soi
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55 Photographs by the author. Fig 4
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57 Fig. 7: Shetland spade from the
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59 The significance of agrarian too
Page 63 and 64: 61 Lamb, R. & Rees, S. 1981: Ard Cu
Page 65 and 66: 63 like that of Schneiderman-Fox &
Page 67 and 68: 65 Fig. 3: Shetland knife workshop
Page 69 and 70: 67 a list of rituals to be carried
Page 71 and 72: 69 (hollow-edged), profile category
Page 73 and 74: 71 35 30 TN - far from Bømlo 25 20
Page 75 and 76: Cambrian flint Southern Scottish ch
Page 77 and 78: 75 flint and some Arran pitchstone,
Page 79 and 80: 77 [http://www.sair.org.uk/sair17/i
Page 81 and 82: 79 Axes from islands: the role of s
Page 83 and 84: 81 material but there were a couple
Page 85 and 86: 83 A centre of island life, axe pro
Page 87 and 88: 85 dal 1998: 61). It is clear that
Page 89 and 90: 87 as larger ones were being produc
Page 91 and 92: 89 the tool pre-forms or rough-outs
Page 93 and 94: 91 During September 2011, following
Page 95 and 96: 93 Fig. 11: Knive workshop at easte
Page 97 and 98: 95 support a symbolic interpretatio
Page 99 and 100: 97 farming: an extended broad spect
Page 101 and 102: 99 Ritchie, P.R. 1992: Stone axehea
Page 103 and 104: 101 Age societies reached this poin
Page 105 and 106: 103 F. Kaul Photo. Culture. In Sout
Page 107 and 108: 105 monumental passage tombs, a sma
Page 109 and 110: 107 F. Kaul Photo. Fig. 6: Dæmpe g
Page 111 and 112: 109 Fig. 7: Plan drawing of the mul
Page 113: 111 Fig. 11: Tulach an t-Sionnaich,
Page 117 and 118: 115 Fig. 14: Plan drawing of the Ne
Page 119 and 120: 117 just before the time when the C
Page 121 and 122: 119 Bibliography Andersen, S.H. & J
Page 123 and 124: 121 Madsen, A.P., 1896: Gravhøje o
Page 125 and 126: 123 Norway - the first remains of f
Page 127 and 128: 125 Fig. 4: The northernmost house
Page 129 and 130: 127 Børsheim 2005: 115, 116 fig. 4
Page 131 and 132: 129 scarce in Norway, and they are
Page 133 and 134: 131 Bibliography Arntzen, J. 2010 a
Page 135 and 136: 133 Introduction As introduced else
Page 137 and 138: 135 Generally we speak of six diffe
Page 139 and 140: 137 earlier. In this respect the co
Page 141 and 142: 139 coming up the British West coas
Page 143 and 144: 141 Grønnow, B. 2004: Saqqaqkultur
Page 145 and 146: 143 The heel shaped cain on the isl
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The Border of Farming and the Cultural Markers - Nordlige Verdener

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