The Border of Farming and the Cultural Markers - Nordlige Verdener

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114 to be a Shetland peculiarity. Most of the cairns are – as mentioned – heel-shaped, but there are also some round cairns, and even almost square cairns are represented (Calder 1963: 37-40; Turner 1998: 43). One of the most well-preserved passage graves is located on the Isle of Vementry. It is evident, that this monument is of multi-period construction, when observing the outline and section plan measured by Calder in RCAHMS 1946 (Fig. 13). The first phase is represented by a round cairn of 6.3 metres in diameter, enclosing an approximately 2.3 x 2 metres large trefoil shaped chamber, out of which a 2 metres long passage leads south-east. Subsequently more cairn material was added, particularly to the south-east, where a concave orthostatic façade was erected. Also a lengthening of the passage must have taken place, even though the concave façade blocks the passage opening (Henshall 1963: 177- 178; Fojut 2006: 25; Mahler 2011: 12-14). Other larger cairns might have been built in two stages (Fojut 2006: 25). The heel-shaped cairn on Ness of Nounsbrough (Henshall 1963: 171) seems to provide a situation similar to that of Vementry. In the cairn there is an inner row of kerb stones, probably marking the perimeter of the primary round cairn. The outer kerb, probably reflecting an enlargement of the cairn, is concave on the south-east landward side, thus defining the heel-shaped cairn with its typical façade (Fig. 14). The heel-shaped cairn at Punds Water may hide an inner primary round cairn (Fig 15). Some visible wall faces inside the heel-shaped cairn might indicate a multi-period construction of this monument, originally Fig. 13: The Vementry cairn, Shetland, with its multi-period construction. The additional façade marked with red. After RCAHMS 1946, Vol. III.
115 Fig. 14: Plan drawing of the Ness of Nounsbrough heel shaped cairn with its two rows of kerb stones, the chamber area obscured by a wall of a modern watch tower. After Henshall 1963. from Vementry does not exclude that most of the Shetland monuments were actually constructed in one flow of work. It seems unlikely that for instance the small heel-shaped cairn at Islesburgh should incorporate more building phases (Calder 1963: 45-47). being a round cairn. It is also suspicious that the long passage changes its orientation a bit. On the other hand such a wall face could be seen as an (inner) constructional part belonging to one building sequence solely. The evidence The evidence of multi-period construction of the Vementry passage tomb has not remained unnoticed, including the striking similarities with the shape and sequence of the Tulach an t-Sionnaich heel-shaped cairn, Caithness (Corcoran F. Kaul Photo. Fig. 15: The heelshaped cairn at Punds Water, Shetland. Nordlige Verdener Shetlandsprojekt
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The Border of Farming and the Cultu
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The Border of Farming and the Cultu
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Contents • Foreword H. C. Gulløv
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different parts of Scandinavia and
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7 2011; Melton 2008; 2009; Melton &
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9 consists of just a handful of sma
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11 Fig. 1: Possibly the earliest me
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13 knives, found in a long ‘knoll
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15 Fig. 4: Potsherds from Modesty.
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17 settlement was not recorded in d
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19 Among the many outstanding quest
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21 Fig. 7: Undecorated, uncarinated
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23 Fig. 8: Top: cushion macehead, S
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25 carbon dates suggest that House
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27 monument (Henshall 1963) - which
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29 Fig. 10: Notional sequence of fu
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31 it is anticipated that the resea
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33 zons. Papers Presented at the Se
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35 RCAHMS (Royal Commission on the
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37 Pinhoulland - a multi period sit
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39 general which could be interpret
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41 Fig. 3: Map of the area around P
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43 Most of the house structures are
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45 Photo Ditlev L. Mahler. Jarlshof
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47 ± 1 15 14 1 16 18 13 17 12 7 9
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± 49 14 15 16 13 18 14 15 16 17 13
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51 Bennett, K. D. et al. 1992: Holo
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53 Sacred Work: Cultivating the soi
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55 Photographs by the author. Fig 4
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57 Fig. 7: Shetland spade from the
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59 The significance of agrarian too
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61 Lamb, R. & Rees, S. 1981: Ard Cu
Page 65 and 66: 63 like that of Schneiderman-Fox &
Page 67 and 68: 65 Fig. 3: Shetland knife workshop
Page 69 and 70: 67 a list of rituals to be carried
Page 71 and 72: 69 (hollow-edged), profile category
Page 73 and 74: 71 35 30 TN - far from Bømlo 25 20
Page 75 and 76: Cambrian flint Southern Scottish ch
Page 77 and 78: 75 flint and some Arran pitchstone,
Page 79 and 80: 77 [http://www.sair.org.uk/sair17/i
Page 81 and 82: 79 Axes from islands: the role of s
Page 83 and 84: 81 material but there were a couple
Page 85 and 86: 83 A centre of island life, axe pro
Page 87 and 88: 85 dal 1998: 61). It is clear that
Page 89 and 90: 87 as larger ones were being produc
Page 91 and 92: 89 the tool pre-forms or rough-outs
Page 93 and 94: 91 During September 2011, following
Page 95 and 96: 93 Fig. 11: Knive workshop at easte
Page 97 and 98: 95 support a symbolic interpretatio
Page 99 and 100: 97 farming: an extended broad spect
Page 101 and 102: 99 Ritchie, P.R. 1992: Stone axehea
Page 103 and 104: 101 Age societies reached this poin
Page 105 and 106: 103 F. Kaul Photo. Culture. In Sout
Page 107 and 108: 105 monumental passage tombs, a sma
Page 109 and 110: 107 F. Kaul Photo. Fig. 6: Dæmpe g
Page 111 and 112: 109 Fig. 7: Plan drawing of the mul
Page 113 and 114: 111 Fig. 11: Tulach an t-Sionnaich,
Page 115: 113 Among the remarkably few horned
Page 119 and 120: 117 just before the time when the C
Page 121 and 122: 119 Bibliography Andersen, S.H. & J
Page 123 and 124: 121 Madsen, A.P., 1896: Gravhøje o
Page 125 and 126: 123 Norway - the first remains of f
Page 127 and 128: 125 Fig. 4: The northernmost house
Page 129 and 130: 127 Børsheim 2005: 115, 116 fig. 4
Page 131 and 132: 129 scarce in Norway, and they are
Page 133 and 134: 131 Bibliography Arntzen, J. 2010 a
Page 135 and 136: 133 Introduction As introduced else
Page 137 and 138: 135 Generally we speak of six diffe
Page 139 and 140: 137 earlier. In this respect the co
Page 141 and 142: 139 coming up the British West coas
Page 143 and 144: 141 Grønnow, B. 2004: Saqqaqkultur
Page 145 and 146: 143 The heel shaped cain on the isl
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