The Border of Farming and the Cultural Markers - Nordlige Verdener

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60 to cultivate the land by early farmers. These include the large assemblages of rough stone tools; skillfully produced ard shares; finely crafted wooden spades; the clod breaker and rare bone tools. These have all survived because of their significance to the community who used them, by building them into the walls of their dwellings and field systems, and by offering them to higher powers in the surrounding landscape. The study of these not only offers us an insight into the cultivation tools used in Shetland’s prehistory, but we can now gain a deeper understanding of the lives and beliefs of those who last touched them. Curle, A. 1933: Account of Further Excavations in 1932 of the Prehistoric Township at Jarlshof, Shetland, on behalf of H.M. Office of Works, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries Scotland Vol. 67 (1933): 86-136. Dockrill, S., Bond, J., Turner, V., Brown, L. et al. (forthcoming). Excavations at Old Scatness, Shetland Volume 2: The Iron Age Broch and Village. Downes, J. & Lamb, R. 2000: Prehistoric Houses at Sumburgh in Shetland, Excavations at Sumburgh Airport 1967-1974. Oxford. Bibliography Hamilton, J. R. C. 1956: Excavations at Jarlshof, Shetland. Edinburgh. Bradley, R. 1998: The Passage of Arms, an Archaeological analysis of prehistoric hoard and votive deposits. Oxford. Calder, C. 1955: Report on the Discovery of Numerous Stone Age House-sites in Shetland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries Scotland, Vol. 89 (1955- 1956): 340-397. Clarke, A. 2006: Stone Tools and the prehistory of the Northern Isles. Oxford. Cracknell, S. & Smith, B. 1985: Excavation at Mavis Grind. Smith, B. (ed.), Shetland Archaeology. Lerwick: 85-95. Hunter, J. R. 1996: Fair Isle, The Archaeology of an Island Community. Edinburgh. Lerche, G. 1995: Radiocarbon Datings of Agricultural Implements, Tools and Tillage 1968-1995, Revised Calibrations and Recent Additions. Lerche, G., Fenton, A., Steensberg, A. 1975. Tools and Tillage Vol. VII:4, Copenhagen, National Museum of Denmark. Mitchell, F. 1978: Tillage Tools in Ireland during the Past 5000 years. Journal of Earth Sciences 2(1): 27-40.
61 Lamb, R. & Rees, S. 1981: Ard Cultivation at Sumburgh, Shetland. Lerche, G., Fenton, A., Steensberg, A. Tools and Tillage Vol. IV:2, Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark: 117-121. Lerche, G. & Steensberg, A. 1980: Agricultural Tools and Field Shapes. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark. Noddle, B. 1986: Animal Bones. (Referred in:) Whittle, A., Keith-Lucas, M., Milles, A., Noddle, B., Rees, S., Romans, J., Scord of Brouster, An Early Agricultural Settlement on Shetland, Excavations 1977-1979. London: 75-91. Rees, S. 1986: Stone Implements and Artefacts. (Referred in:) Whittle, A., Keith- Lucas, M., Milles, A., Noddle, B., Rees, S., Romans, J., Scord of Brouster, An Early Agricultural Settlement on Shetland, Excavations 1977-1979. London: 75-91. Ritchie, A. 1983: Excavations of a Neolithic farmstead at Knap of Howar, Papa Westray, Orkney. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries Scotland, Vol. 113: 40-121. Steensberg, A. 1986: Man The Manipulator. Copenhagen, National Museum of Denmark. Owen, O. & Lowe, C. 1999: Kebister: The four-thousand-year-old story of one Shetland Township. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph Series Number 14. Edingbourgh. Whittle, A., Keith-Lucas, M., Milles, A., Noddle, B., Rees, S., Romans, J. 1986: Scord of Brouster, An Early Agricultural Settlement on Shetland, Excavations 1977-1979. London. Rees, S. 1979: Agricultural Implements of prehistoric and Roman Britain. British Archaeology Reports (Series 69), Vol, 2. Oxford. Whittington, G. 1977: A Sub-peat Dyke on Shurton Hill, Mainland, Shetland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries Scotland Vol. 109: 30-35. Nordlige Verdener Shetlandsprojekt
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The Border of Farming and the Cultu
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Contents • Foreword H. C. Gulløv
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different parts of Scandinavia and
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7 2011; Melton 2008; 2009; Melton &
Page 11 and 12: 9 consists of just a handful of sma
Page 13 and 14: 11 Fig. 1: Possibly the earliest me
Page 15 and 16: 13 knives, found in a long ‘knoll
Page 17 and 18: 15 Fig. 4: Potsherds from Modesty.
Page 19 and 20: 17 settlement was not recorded in d
Page 21 and 22: 19 Among the many outstanding quest
Page 23 and 24: 21 Fig. 7: Undecorated, uncarinated
Page 25 and 26: 23 Fig. 8: Top: cushion macehead, S
Page 27 and 28: 25 carbon dates suggest that House
Page 29 and 30: 27 monument (Henshall 1963) - which
Page 31 and 32: 29 Fig. 10: Notional sequence of fu
Page 33 and 34: 31 it is anticipated that the resea
Page 35 and 36: 33 zons. Papers Presented at the Se
Page 37 and 38: 35 RCAHMS (Royal Commission on the
Page 39 and 40: 37 Pinhoulland - a multi period sit
Page 41 and 42: 39 general which could be interpret
Page 43 and 44: 41 Fig. 3: Map of the area around P
Page 45 and 46: 43 Most of the house structures are
Page 47 and 48: 45 Photo Ditlev L. Mahler. Jarlshof
Page 49 and 50: 47 ± 1 15 14 1 16 18 13 17 12 7 9
Page 51 and 52: ± 49 14 15 16 13 18 14 15 16 17 13
Page 53 and 54: 51 Bennett, K. D. et al. 1992: Holo
Page 55 and 56: 53 Sacred Work: Cultivating the soi
Page 57 and 58: 55 Photographs by the author. Fig 4
Page 59 and 60: 57 Fig. 7: Shetland spade from the
Page 61: 59 The significance of agrarian too
Page 65 and 66: 63 like that of Schneiderman-Fox &
Page 67 and 68: 65 Fig. 3: Shetland knife workshop
Page 69 and 70: 67 a list of rituals to be carried
Page 71 and 72: 69 (hollow-edged), profile category
Page 73 and 74: 71 35 30 TN - far from Bømlo 25 20
Page 75 and 76: Cambrian flint Southern Scottish ch
Page 77 and 78: 75 flint and some Arran pitchstone,
Page 79 and 80: 77 [http://www.sair.org.uk/sair17/i
Page 81 and 82: 79 Axes from islands: the role of s
Page 83 and 84: 81 material but there were a couple
Page 85 and 86: 83 A centre of island life, axe pro
Page 87 and 88: 85 dal 1998: 61). It is clear that
Page 89 and 90: 87 as larger ones were being produc
Page 91 and 92: 89 the tool pre-forms or rough-outs
Page 93 and 94: 91 During September 2011, following
Page 95 and 96: 93 Fig. 11: Knive workshop at easte
Page 97 and 98: 95 support a symbolic interpretatio
Page 99 and 100: 97 farming: an extended broad spect
Page 101 and 102: 99 Ritchie, P.R. 1992: Stone axehea
Page 103 and 104: 101 Age societies reached this poin
Page 105 and 106: 103 F. Kaul Photo. Culture. In Sout
Page 107 and 108: 105 monumental passage tombs, a sma
Page 109 and 110: 107 F. Kaul Photo. Fig. 6: Dæmpe g
Page 111 and 112: 109 Fig. 7: Plan drawing of the mul
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111 Fig. 11: Tulach an t-Sionnaich,
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113 Among the remarkably few horned
Page 117 and 118:
115 Fig. 14: Plan drawing of the Ne
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117 just before the time when the C
Page 121 and 122:
119 Bibliography Andersen, S.H. & J
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121 Madsen, A.P., 1896: Gravhøje o
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123 Norway - the first remains of f
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125 Fig. 4: The northernmost house
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127 Børsheim 2005: 115, 116 fig. 4
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129 scarce in Norway, and they are
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131 Bibliography Arntzen, J. 2010 a
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133 Introduction As introduced else
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135 Generally we speak of six diffe
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137 earlier. In this respect the co
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139 coming up the British West coas
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141 Grønnow, B. 2004: Saqqaqkultur
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143 The heel shaped cain on the isl
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The Border of Farming and the Cultural Markers - Nordlige Verdener

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