The Border of Farming and the Cultural Markers - Nordlige Verdener

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44 between house 1 and 2 there is a very wet area, and some of this dyke could have been damming a small lake at the time of the prehistoric use of Pinhoulland. Any kind of farming and especially the keeping of livestock demands a certain and steady amount of water (compare Edwards & Whittington 1998: 16; 17). Dating Pinhoulland In the case of Pinhoulland, dating can only be verified through coring or excavation, but it is very likely that Pinhoulland was in use during the Neolithic Period and during the Older Bronze Age. House 2, 6, 7, 9 and 11 belong to the pre-blanket peat strata, and thus must be older than Late Neolithic time or Older Bronze Age (compare Whittington 1980: 35). The many dykes connecting the house structures may indicate a relative chronology, as mentioned earlier. Preliminary analyses indicate at least a relative chronology in three phases. A scenario could be that House 6, 7 and 11 constitute phase 1 seen as single lying structures. It is impossible to say whether they could be contemporary other than 6 is younger than 11. Phase 2 could be the houses which are interrelated with dykes forming three groups of houses: House 1-2 as one; 3, 4, 19 and 5 as another interrelated group and last House 9, 10, 12 as the third. Fig. 7 The chronology between these groups is yet unknown, but what we see today is very probably a diachronic picture. The cluster of houses (House 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18) are built together and with the exception of house 14 could have been in contemporary use and constitute the third phase. The nearest parallels to the cluster of houses are
45 Photo Ditlev L. Mahler. Jarlshof house 8 and settlement types such as Skara Brae from Orkney (Hamilton 1956: 9 ff.; Childe 1931: Plan of Village). Fig. 8 Jarlshof house 8 dated to the Older Bronze Age, and Skara Brae is dated between c. 3100 and 2500 cal. BC (Shepherd 2000:139; Clarke 1976: 26; Ashmore 1998: 142-147; 2000: 299-308). Fig. 5: House 12 seen from South East. The house mound with the cluster of houses is seen behind house 12. Thus it is reasonable to presume at least as a model that Pinhoulland actually began some time during the Neolithic Period, and considering the number of houses, it could be quite early. Nordlige Verdener Shetlandsprojekt
Page 1 and 2: The Border of Farming and the Cultu
Page 3 and 4: The Border of Farming and the Cultu
Page 5 and 6: Contents • Foreword H. C. Gulløv
Page 7 and 8: different parts of Scandinavia and
Page 9 and 10: 7 2011; Melton 2008; 2009; Melton &
Page 11 and 12: 9 consists of just a handful of sma
Page 13 and 14: 11 Fig. 1: Possibly the earliest me
Page 15 and 16: 13 knives, found in a long ‘knoll
Page 17 and 18: 15 Fig. 4: Potsherds from Modesty.
Page 19 and 20: 17 settlement was not recorded in d
Page 21 and 22: 19 Among the many outstanding quest
Page 23 and 24: 21 Fig. 7: Undecorated, uncarinated
Page 25 and 26: 23 Fig. 8: Top: cushion macehead, S
Page 27 and 28: 25 carbon dates suggest that House
Page 29 and 30: 27 monument (Henshall 1963) - which
Page 31 and 32: 29 Fig. 10: Notional sequence of fu
Page 33 and 34: 31 it is anticipated that the resea
Page 35 and 36: 33 zons. Papers Presented at the Se
Page 37 and 38: 35 RCAHMS (Royal Commission on the
Page 39 and 40: 37 Pinhoulland - a multi period sit
Page 41 and 42: 39 general which could be interpret
Page 43 and 44: 41 Fig. 3: Map of the area around P
Page 45: 43 Most of the house structures are
Page 49 and 50: 47 ± 1 15 14 1 16 18 13 17 12 7 9
Page 51 and 52: ± 49 14 15 16 13 18 14 15 16 17 13
Page 53 and 54: 51 Bennett, K. D. et al. 1992: Holo
Page 55 and 56: 53 Sacred Work: Cultivating the soi
Page 57 and 58: 55 Photographs by the author. Fig 4
Page 59 and 60: 57 Fig. 7: Shetland spade from the
Page 61 and 62: 59 The significance of agrarian too
Page 63 and 64: 61 Lamb, R. & Rees, S. 1981: Ard Cu
Page 65 and 66: 63 like that of Schneiderman-Fox &
Page 67 and 68: 65 Fig. 3: Shetland knife workshop
Page 69 and 70: 67 a list of rituals to be carried
Page 71 and 72: 69 (hollow-edged), profile category
Page 73 and 74: 71 35 30 TN - far from Bømlo 25 20
Page 75 and 76: Cambrian flint Southern Scottish ch
Page 77 and 78: 75 flint and some Arran pitchstone,
Page 79 and 80: 77 [http://www.sair.org.uk/sair17/i
Page 81 and 82: 79 Axes from islands: the role of s
Page 83 and 84: 81 material but there were a couple
Page 85 and 86: 83 A centre of island life, axe pro
Page 87 and 88: 85 dal 1998: 61). It is clear that
Page 89 and 90: 87 as larger ones were being produc
Page 91 and 92: 89 the tool pre-forms or rough-outs
Page 93 and 94: 91 During September 2011, following
Page 95 and 96: 93 Fig. 11: Knive workshop at easte
Page 97 and 98:
95 support a symbolic interpretatio
Page 99 and 100:
97 farming: an extended broad spect
Page 101 and 102:
99 Ritchie, P.R. 1992: Stone axehea
Page 103 and 104:
101 Age societies reached this poin
Page 105 and 106:
103 F. Kaul Photo. Culture. In Sout
Page 107 and 108:
105 monumental passage tombs, a sma
Page 109 and 110:
107 F. Kaul Photo. Fig. 6: Dæmpe g
Page 111 and 112:
109 Fig. 7: Plan drawing of the mul
Page 113 and 114:
111 Fig. 11: Tulach an t-Sionnaich,
Page 115 and 116:
113 Among the remarkably few horned
Page 117 and 118:
115 Fig. 14: Plan drawing of the Ne
Page 119 and 120:
117 just before the time when the C
Page 121 and 122:
119 Bibliography Andersen, S.H. & J
Page 123 and 124:
121 Madsen, A.P., 1896: Gravhøje o
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123 Norway - the first remains of f
Page 127 and 128:
125 Fig. 4: The northernmost house
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127 Børsheim 2005: 115, 116 fig. 4
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129 scarce in Norway, and they are
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131 Bibliography Arntzen, J. 2010 a
Page 135 and 136:
133 Introduction As introduced else
Page 137 and 138:
135 Generally we speak of six diffe
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137 earlier. In this respect the co
Page 141 and 142:
139 coming up the British West coas
Page 143 and 144:
141 Grønnow, B. 2004: Saqqaqkultur
Page 145 and 146:
143 The heel shaped cain on the isl
Page 147 and 148:
The Border of Farming and the Cultu
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The Border of Farming and the Cultural Markers - Nordlige Verdener

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