Astronomy Principles and Practice Fourth Edition.pdf

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264 The optics of telescope collectors Figure 16.27. The 40-inch Yerkes refractor. (By courtesy of the Royal Astronomical Society.) Figure 16.28. The 200-inch Hale reflector telescope at Mt Palomar, California. (Photograph from the Mt Wilson <strong>and</strong> Palomar Obervatories.)
Comparison of refractors <strong>and</strong> reflectors 265 Figure 16.29. The William Herschel Telescope (WHT)—4·2 m. This telescope is driven on an alt-azimuth mounting. (Photograph by courtesy of the ING of Telescopes, La Palma.) Figure 16.30. The Gemini (North) Telescope (8·2 m) prior to its commissioning. (Photograph by courtesy of NOAO/AURA/NSF.)
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Chapter 1 Naked eye observations 1.
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A month 5 seen to rise above the ea
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A year 7 between south and west. An
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Chapter 2 Ancient world models Firs
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Ancient world models 11 Figure 2.1.
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Chapter 3 Observations made by inst
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Instrumentation in astronomy 15 Fig
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The role of the observer 17 Earth a
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Electromagnetic radiation 19 meteor
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Electromagnetic radiation 21 If, fo
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Electromagnetic radiation 23 device
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Direction of arrival of the radiati
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Brightness 27 Figure 5.3. The windo
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Brightness 29 physical conditions w
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Time 31 to house radio transmitters
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Chapter 6 The night sky 6.1 Star ma
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Simple observations 35 Figure 6.1.
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Chapter 7 The geometry of the spher
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Position on the Earth’s surface 4
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Position on the Earth’s surface 4
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Spherical trigonometry 51 determine
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Spherical trigonometry 53 Figure 7.
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The small spherical triangle 55 7.4
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Problems—Chapter 7 57 Although th
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Chapter 8 The celestial sphere: coo
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The equatorial system 61 Figure 8.2
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Circumpolar stars 63 Figure 8.4. A
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Also Hence, we have or The measurem
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The geocentric celestial sphere 67
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Transformation of one coordinate sy
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Right ascension 71 or cos 47 ◦ 39
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The Sun’s geocentric behaviour 73
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Sunset and sunrise 75 Figure 8.15.
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Megalithic man and the Sun 77 Figur
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The ecliptic system of coordinates
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Galactic coordinates 81 Table 8.1.
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Galactic coordinates 83 Figure 8.22
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Galactic coordinates 85 Figure 8.25
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Problems—Chapter 8 87 where ε is
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Sidereal time 89 Figure 9.1. The ti
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Sidereal time 91 Figure 9.3. An equ
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Mean solar time 93 Figure 9.4. Posi
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The relationship between mean solar
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The civil day and timekeeping 97 It
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The tropical year and the calendar
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The Earth’s geographical zones 10
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Hence, the period of the year durin
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Twilight 105 Figure 9.10. The heati
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Twilight 107 For this to happen, ZB
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h m s Date Approximate ZT 16 30 0 J
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Problems—Chapter 9 111 Date (00 h
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Atmospheric refraction 113 Figure 1
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where ZOL = r. But ZOL = ζ .AlsoAB
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so that we have But Hence, Similarl
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Now But θ is a small angle so we m
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Geocentric parallax 121 Figure 10.6
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The semi-diameter of a celestial ob
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Measuring distance in the Solar Sys
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Stellar parallax 127 Figure 10.10.
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Stellar parallax 129 after. The val
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Problems—Chapter 10 131 Recent ob
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Chapter 11 The reduction of positio
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The velocity of light 135 Table 11.
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The constant of aberration 137 Figu
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Diurnal and planetary aberration 13
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Precession of the equinoxes 141 Fig
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Effect of precession on a star’s
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Nutation 145 Figure 11.10. The grav
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The tropical and sidereal years 147
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Chapter 12 Geocentric planetary phe
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The Copernican System 151 Figure 12
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Planetary configurations 153 (a) V
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The synodic period 155 Figure 12.5.
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Measurement of planetary distances
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Stationary points 159 Figure 12.8.
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Stationary points 161 Using equatio
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The phase of a planet 163 Figure 12
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Problems—Chapter 12 165 with an o
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Planetary orbits 167 Figure 13.1. M
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Planetary orbits 169 If P 1 SP 2 is
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Newton’s law of gravitation 171 a
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The Principia of Isaac Newton 173 N
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The two-body problem 175 Figure 13.
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The two-body problem 179 13.6.5 The
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The astronomical unit 183 For an ex
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Chapter 14 Celestial mechanics: the
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14.3 General properties of the many
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Special perturbation theories 189 F
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Special perturbation theories 191 F
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14.6 Dynamics of artificial Earth s
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The geostationary satellite 195 in
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Interplanetary transfer orbits 197
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Then V B = V c2 − V A ,sinceV c2
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Problems—Chapter 14 205 (figure 1
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210 The radiation laws Figure 15.1.
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212 The radiation laws Table 15.1.
Page 210 and 211: 214 The radiation laws Figure 15.2.
Page 212 and 213: 216 The radiation laws In order to
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Page 218 and 219: 222 The radiation laws centrifugal
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Page 232 and 233: 236 The radiation laws Figure 15.14
Page 234 and 235: Chapter 16 The optics of telescope
Page 236 and 237: 240 The optics of telescope collect
Page 268 and 269: Chapter 17 Visual use of telescopes
Page 270 and 271: 274 Visual use of telescopes By sub
Page 272 and 273: 276 Visual use of telescopes 17.3 M
Page 274 and 275: 278 Visual use of telescopes By let
Page 276 and 277: 280 Visual use of telescopes Figure
Page 278 and 279: 282 Visual use of telescopes For sm
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314 Astronomical optical measuremen
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Chapter 20 Modern telescopes and ot
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332 Modern telescopes and other opt
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Chapter 21 Radio telescopes 21.1 In
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354 Radio telescopes Figure 21.2. A
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358 Radio telescopes Figure 21.6. T
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362 Radio telescopes (a) Paraboloid
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364 Radio telescopes Figure 21.12.
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366 Radio telescopes The record fro
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368 Radio telescopes 2 N N Figure 2
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Chapter 22 Telescope mountings 22.1
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376 Telescope mountings arc and thi
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378 Telescope mountings Figure 22.4
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380 Telescope mountings The design
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382 High energy instruments and oth
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404 Practical projects to give the
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406 Practical projects Figure 24.2.
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408 Practical projects measurement
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416 Practical projects Summer Time
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418 Practical projects Figure 24.12
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422 Practical projects point was ch
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426 Practical projects N φ Earth 1
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428 Practical projects 24.5 Solar d
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430 Practical projects allows the S
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432 Practical projects 24.5.4 The e
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438 Practical projects Now in t hou
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440 Practical projects Table 24.2.
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442 Practical projects 24.7.2 The i
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448 Practical projects right ascens
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450 Practical projects amenable to
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452 Web sites • W 20.5—www.mrao
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Appendix: Astronomical and related
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456 Appendix: Astronomical and rela
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Bibliography 1 Source books The Ast
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Answers to problems Chapter 7 1. 32
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462 Answers to problems Figure A8.2
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464 Answers to problems Figure A10.
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466 Answers to problems Figure A13.
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468 Answers to problems 5. 1·64 6.
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470 Index black body radiation, 216
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472 Index atom, 221 line, 353 illum
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474 Index potential energy, 177 pow
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