Astronomy Principles and Practice Fourth Edition.pdf

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468 Answers to problems 5. 1·64 6. −0·545 7. 0·176 mag 8. 8·m5 9. 68·57 Åmm −1 10. R = 5 × 10 4 ; V = 6kms −1 ; λ = 2·5 × 10 −3 mm 11. RLD = 16·67 Åmm −1 ; R = 8·4; the seeing deteriorates the spectral resolution by a factor of ∼6. Chapter 21 1. 4·′19, α Opt /α Rad = 10 4 2. 1·37 × 10 −17 W 3. P ⊙ /P Wall = 20/1 4. 6·8arcmindiameter
Index aberration (stellar), 133 aberrational ellipse, 137 aberrations in optics astigmatism, 255 barrel distortion, 257 chromatic, 251 chromatic aberration, 238 coma, 254 curvature of field, 256 pincushion distortion, 257 spherical, 253 absorption coefficient, 312 in telescopes, 240 spectra, 213 acceleration terms, 188 achromat, 252 achromatism, 251 active optics, 330 adaptive optics, 319, 332 aerial, 352 Airy disc, 247, 318 Airy transit instrument, 71 al-Hasen, 209 alchemy, 9 Almagest, 11, 150 alt-azimuth coordinate system, 61 mounting, 374 altitude, 60 analemma, 406 Anaxagoras, 10 angle of aberration, 136 of incidence, 112 of refraction, 112, 115 Ångström unit, 20, 213 angular dispersion, 325 resolving power, 249 semi-diameter, 123 anode, 294 Antarctic circle, 103 antenna, 352 aperture of telescope, 239 synthesis, 335 apex of the Earth’s way, 137 aphelion, 168, 178 aplanatic lens, 255 apogee, 180 Apollonius, 11 apparent horizon, 119 midnight, 72 noon, 72 solar day, 92 solar time, 92 Arago, 231 Arctic circle, 102 argument of perihelion, 186 Aristarchus, 10 Aristotle, 11 artificial Earth satellites, 193, 195 ascending node, 79, 80, 185 aspherizing, 253 astrodynamics, 170 astrograph, 263 astrology, 9 astronomical unit, 120, 125, 183 atmospheric extinction, 311, 432 atmospheric window, 27 aurorae, 5 autumn, 103 averted vision, 285 azimuth, 60 Balmer, 223 Balmer series, 224 beamwidth, 354, 425 469
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Chapter 1 Naked eye observations 1.
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A month 5 seen to rise above the ea
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A year 7 between south and west. An
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Chapter 2 Ancient world models Firs
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Ancient world models 11 Figure 2.1.
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Chapter 3 Observations made by inst
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Instrumentation in astronomy 15 Fig
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The role of the observer 17 Earth a
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Electromagnetic radiation 19 meteor
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Electromagnetic radiation 21 If, fo
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Electromagnetic radiation 23 device
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Direction of arrival of the radiati
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Brightness 27 Figure 5.3. The windo
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Brightness 29 physical conditions w
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Time 31 to house radio transmitters
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Chapter 6 The night sky 6.1 Star ma
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Simple observations 35 Figure 6.1.
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Chapter 7 The geometry of the spher
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Position on the Earth’s surface 4
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Position on the Earth’s surface 4
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Spherical trigonometry 51 determine
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Spherical trigonometry 53 Figure 7.
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The small spherical triangle 55 7.4
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Problems—Chapter 7 57 Although th
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Chapter 8 The celestial sphere: coo
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The equatorial system 61 Figure 8.2
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Circumpolar stars 63 Figure 8.4. A
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Also Hence, we have or The measurem
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The geocentric celestial sphere 67
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Transformation of one coordinate sy
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Right ascension 71 or cos 47 ◦ 39
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The Sun’s geocentric behaviour 73
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Sunset and sunrise 75 Figure 8.15.
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Megalithic man and the Sun 77 Figur
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The ecliptic system of coordinates
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Galactic coordinates 81 Table 8.1.
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Galactic coordinates 83 Figure 8.22
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Galactic coordinates 85 Figure 8.25
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Problems—Chapter 8 87 where ε is
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Sidereal time 89 Figure 9.1. The ti
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Sidereal time 91 Figure 9.3. An equ
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Mean solar time 93 Figure 9.4. Posi
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The relationship between mean solar
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The civil day and timekeeping 97 It
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The tropical year and the calendar
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The Earth’s geographical zones 10
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Hence, the period of the year durin
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Twilight 105 Figure 9.10. The heati
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Twilight 107 For this to happen, ZB
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h m s Date Approximate ZT 16 30 0 J
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Problems—Chapter 9 111 Date (00 h
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Atmospheric refraction 113 Figure 1
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where ZOL = r. But ZOL = ζ .AlsoAB
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so that we have But Hence, Similarl
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Now But θ is a small angle so we m
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Geocentric parallax 121 Figure 10.6
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The semi-diameter of a celestial ob
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Measuring distance in the Solar Sys
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Stellar parallax 127 Figure 10.10.
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Stellar parallax 129 after. The val
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Problems—Chapter 10 131 Recent ob
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Chapter 11 The reduction of positio
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The velocity of light 135 Table 11.
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The constant of aberration 137 Figu
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Diurnal and planetary aberration 13
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Precession of the equinoxes 141 Fig
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Effect of precession on a star’s
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Nutation 145 Figure 11.10. The grav
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The tropical and sidereal years 147
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Chapter 12 Geocentric planetary phe
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The Copernican System 151 Figure 12
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Planetary configurations 153 (a) V
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The synodic period 155 Figure 12.5.
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Measurement of planetary distances
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Stationary points 159 Figure 12.8.
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Stationary points 161 Using equatio
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The phase of a planet 163 Figure 12
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Problems—Chapter 12 165 with an o
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Planetary orbits 167 Figure 13.1. M
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Planetary orbits 169 If P 1 SP 2 is
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Newton’s law of gravitation 171 a
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The Principia of Isaac Newton 173 N
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The two-body problem 175 Figure 13.
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The two-body problem 179 13.6.5 The
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The astronomical unit 183 For an ex
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Chapter 14 Celestial mechanics: the
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14.3 General properties of the many
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Special perturbation theories 189 F
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Special perturbation theories 191 F
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14.6 Dynamics of artificial Earth s
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The geostationary satellite 195 in
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Interplanetary transfer orbits 197
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Then V B = V c2 − V A ,sinceV c2
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Problems—Chapter 14 205 (figure 1
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210 The radiation laws Figure 15.1.
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212 The radiation laws Table 15.1.
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216 The radiation laws In order to
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218 The radiation laws where σ is
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220 The radiation laws The brightne
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222 The radiation laws centrifugal
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226 The radiation laws is moving pa
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230 The radiation laws In most phys
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232 The radiation laws radiation ha
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234 The radiation laws radiation is
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236 The radiation laws Figure 15.14
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Chapter 16 The optics of telescope
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240 The optics of telescope collect
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Chapter 17 Visual use of telescopes
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274 Visual use of telescopes By sub
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276 Visual use of telescopes 17.3 M
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278 Visual use of telescopes By let
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280 Visual use of telescopes Figure
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282 Visual use of telescopes For sm
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284 Detectors for optical telescope
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306 Astronomical optical measuremen
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Chapter 20 Modern telescopes and ot
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332 Modern telescopes and other opt
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Chapter 21 Radio telescopes 21.1 In
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354 Radio telescopes Figure 21.2. A
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358 Radio telescopes Figure 21.6. T
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362 Radio telescopes (a) Paraboloid
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364 Radio telescopes Figure 21.12.
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366 Radio telescopes The record fro
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368 Radio telescopes 2 N N Figure 2
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Chapter 22 Telescope mountings 22.1
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376 Telescope mountings arc and thi
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378 Telescope mountings Figure 22.4
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380 Telescope mountings The design
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382 High energy instruments and oth
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404 Practical projects to give the
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406 Practical projects Figure 24.2.
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408 Practical projects measurement
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416 Practical projects Summer Time
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Page 436 and 437: 442 Practical projects 24.7.2 The i
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Page 446 and 447: 452 Web sites • W 20.5—www.mrao
Page 448 and 449: Appendix: Astronomical and related
Page 450 and 451: 456 Appendix: Astronomical and rela
Page 452 and 453: Bibliography 1 Source books The Ast
Page 454 and 455: Answers to problems Chapter 7 1. 32
Page 456 and 457: 462 Answers to problems Figure A8.2
Page 458 and 459: 464 Answers to problems Figure A10.
Page 460 and 461: 466 Answers to problems Figure A13.
Page 464 and 465: 470 Index black body radiation, 216
Page 466 and 467: 472 Index atom, 221 line, 353 illum
Page 468 and 469: 474 Index potential energy, 177 pow
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