usaid/nambia environmental threats and opportunities assessment

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Resources in Southern Africa: Studies on Scenarios, Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, RSA, WRC Report 1430/1/05. Chapter 13, pp24 -247. Schulze, R.E., Kiker, G.A. & Kunz, R.P. 1993. Global climate change and agricultural productivity in southern Africa. Global Environmental Change: December 2009. Simmons, R. E. 2005. Declining coastal avifauna at a diamond-mining site in Namibia:comparisons and causes. Ostrich 76(3&4): 97–103. Sink, K. 2004. Threats affecting marine biodiversity in South Africa. In: Lombard, AT and Strauss. 2004. National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment. Marine Component (Republic of South Africa). National Botanical Institute, RSA. Smith, G. 2006. Assessment of the cumulative effects of sediment discharge from on shore and near shore diamond mining activities on the BCLME (Project BEHP/CEA/03/03). Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) June 2006, 252pp. Taljaard, S. 2006. Baseline assessment of sources and management of land based marine pollution in the BCLME region. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) January 2006, 102pp. Tarr, J. 1999. Namibia’s initial country study on climate change. Report number 2: An Overview of Namibia's Vulnerability to Climate Change. Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. 161pp. Tarr, J. 2007. Threats to marine biodiversity and habitat in the Namibian Benguela Region. Internal report to the BCLME/BENEFIT programme. Tarr, J. G., Griffiths, C. L., and Bally, R. 1985. The ecology of three sandy beaches on the Skeleton Coast of South West Africa. Madoqua 14: 295-304. Tarr, J.G., and Tarr, P.W. 1987. Seasonal abundance and the distribution of coastal birds on the northern Skeleton Coast, SWA/Namibia. Madoqua,Vol15(1):63-72. Turpie, J; Winkler, H, Spalding-Fecher & Midgley, G. 2002. Economic Impacts of Climate Change in South Africa: A Preliminary Analysis of Unmitigated Damage Costs. Southern Waters Ecological Research & Consulting & Energy & Development Research Centre. University of Cape Town. Sponsored by USAID and administered by the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies Inc. under a subcontract agreement from Nathan Associates Inc. RSA. 64 pp. Turpie, J. ; Midgley, G.; Brown, C; Barnes, J; Tarr, J; Tarr, P; Pallett, J. & Desmet, P. 2010. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment for Namibia’s Biodiversity and protected areas system. SAIEA; Anchor Consulting and NNF. Turpie, J. K., Winkler, H. & Midgley, G. 2004. Economic impacts of climate change in South Africa: a preliminary analysis of unmitigated damage costs. In: Blignaut, J.N. & de Wit, M.P. Sustainable Options. UCT Press, pp130-160. Turpie, J., Barnes, J., Lange, G.-M. & Martin, R. 2010. The economic value of Namibia’s protected area system and case for increased investment. Report to SPAN and DEA. Turpie, J., Lange, G-M., Martin, R., Davies, R. & Barnes J. 2004. Economic value and financing of Namibia’s protected areas. Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Windhoek, Namibia. UCT, 1997. A retrospective assessment of the environmental impacts of emergency borehole supply in the Gam and Khorixas areas of Namibia. Report for the Namibian Programme to Combat Desertification. University of Cape Town April 1997. 110 USAID/NAMIBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT
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USAID/NAMBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
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USAID/NAMIBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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ACRONYMS AALS ART BCLME BMC CBM CBN
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NCA NDP NGO NNF NNFU NPC NPP NSF NW
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A group of resourc
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PURPOSE OF THIS ASSESSMENT This doc
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TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY AND TROPIC
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Another potential impact is the CO
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In addition to the overexploitation
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understanding the perspectives of c
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C. METHODOLOGY This assessment was
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The HIV/AIDS epidemic Natural disas
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TOURISM AND WILDLIFE Tourism in Nam
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An underlying cause of increasing H
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Infant mortality as well as under-f
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Figure 3: Levelsels of school enrol
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3. THE LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONA
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land that was previously used only
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Overall, land productivity, particu
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Marine fisheries are regulated by t
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Figure 5: Namibia’s major biomes
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espectively of their areas protecte
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development of business skills and
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Increasing aridification and a grad
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THREAT: POORLY PLANNED RESETTLEMENT
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Nine of the 15 southern African bre
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Figure 8: Main fishinging areas and
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MAJOR THREAT 2. ONSHORE AND OFFSHOR
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Deep-sea mining and diamond dredgin
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Increases in frequency and intensit
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Catchment issues (mainly pollution
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Figure 11. Surface and groundwater
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small irrigation projects. Wetlands
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Local Authorities (also in MRLGHRD)
Page 74 and 75: MAJOR THREAT 6. CLIMATE CHANGE Base
Page 76 and 77: fenced off informally and illegally
Page 78 and 79: Figure15: Average carrying capacity
Page 80 and 81: VALUE OF RANGELAND PRODUCTS Livesto
Page 82 and 83: MAJOR THREAT 5. BUSH ENCROACHMENT I
Page 84 and 85: Figure 17. Distribution of forests
Page 86 and 87: inadequate. About 50 species of pla
Page 88 and 89: Threats Population growth and pover
Page 90 and 91: 5. CONCLUSIONS Despite some shortfa
Page 92 and 93: Focus in the northwest should be on
Page 94 and 95: RECOMMENDATION: LAND-USE ZONATION E
Page 96 and 97: RECOMMENDATION: DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE
Page 98 and 99: Water and Forestry Debra Mosel Assi
Page 100 and 101: actions meet those needs. By mandat
Page 102 and 103: training led to an 8 percent averag
Page 104 and 105: pollution) to which they and humans
Page 106 and 107: Illustrative Outline: a) Introducti
Page 108 and 109: 9. SELECTED REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Page 110 and 111: AR4 spatial pattern that suggests m
Page 112 and 113: The findings by Turpie et al 2010 c
Page 114 and 115: Increasing human-wildlife conflict.
Page 116 and 117: Batty M, Tjipute M, Sowman M, Cardo
Page 118 and 119: Cury, P., & Roy, C. 1989. Optimal e
Page 120 and 121: Hulme, M. (Ed.). 1996. Climate chan
Page 122 and 123: Namibian National Biodiversity Prog
Page 128: U.S. Agency for International Devel
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