usaid/nambia environmental threats and opportunities assessment

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Water and Forestry Debra Mosel Assistant Mission Director USAID/Namibia dmosel@usaid.gov +264 61 273700 Dalene van der Westhuizen USAID/Namibia mvanderwesthuizen@usaid.gov +264 61 273 711 Helen Cho USAID/Namibia Monica M.C. Koep Development / Democracy Consultant Natalie Bailey Coordinator Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group mkoep@mweb.com.na +264 61 236395 nbailey@abcg.org 202-492-7354 Manie le Roux, Clogar Sikopa, George Masilo, Michael Sibalitano Piers Vigne Ministry of Environmental and Tourism National Planning Commission Joh Henschel Director Gobabeb Training and Research Centre Monica Wrobel, MSc. Species Conservation Wildlife Conservation Society gobabeb@gobabeb.org +264 64 694199 mwrobel@wcs.org 718 220 5896 Jafet Litenge Office of Prime Minister Ian Galloway Jumbo Charcoal jumboch@iway.na +264 61 22 2677 Seth Podelwitz Small miners cooperative Markus Pfaffenthaler Construction manager Areva - desalination plant Beaven Munali Janet Matota John Kamwi Macfarland Bennet Busihu Kebby Likhando Lasken Naha Becky Tutalise Joyce Shikapata IRDNC-Caprivi Region, Kwando Conservancy Shedrick Siloka Control Warden MET Elvis Malema CBNRM Coodinator MET Terrai Mutsowkwa NNF-CPP Coordinator Lodge Owners/Operators Caprivi River Lodges Mazambala Lodge Oliver Pierson Deputy Resident Country Director - Namibia Millennium Challenge Corporation piersono@mcc.gov 84 USAID/NAMIBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT
ANNEX B. SCOPE OF WORK FOR USAID/NAMIBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT WITH AN EMPHASIS ON TROPICAL FORESTRY AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to deliver to USAID/Namibia a countrywide Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment (ETOA), with a special focus on Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity Conservation needs, and related issues analysis that will inform the USAID/Namibia Operational Plans (OP) and Country Operational Plans (COP), joint country assistance strategy and USAID-only country strategic plan in the coming years, under ADS 201.3.4 and ADS 204.5. Based on the results of this assessment, this work will provide recommendations to USAID/Namibia on how to efficiently contribute to the conservation needs identified, and plan for environmentally sound development and humanitarian interventions. The last ETOA of USAID Namibia was conducted in 2003 and the last update on the 118/119 analysis was in 2005. 2. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION Updating the ETOA and revisiting FAA 118/119 analyses are justified for three reasons: The first reason is related to the strategic and operational planning process requirements. The ETOA is a useful programming tool which will help USAID/ Namibia to update its data and assumptions on the national environmental status and better integrate environmental concerns into its overall programming during the annual operational planning (OP) and country operational planning (COP) processes and long term strategic planning. The second reason is linked to the environment requirements. The core environmental requirements of USAID operating unit strategic plans are spelled out in 201.3.4.11.b Technical Analysis for Strategic Plans, Environmental Analysis, and are derived from provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) of 1961:FAA 117 on “Environment and Natural Resources,” and dictate that operating units will implement their programs with an aim toward maintaining (and restoring) natural resources upon which economic growth depends, and consider the impact of their activities on the environment. USAID/Namibia recognizes that protection of the environment and wise management of the natural resources base are absolute requirements of any successful development program. The legal requirements of the FAA are reflected in USAID’s ADS Chapter 204 “Environmental Procedures,” which provides essential procedures and policy on the application of 22 CFR Part 216. This regulation codifies the Agency's procedures "to ensure that environmental factors and values are integrated into the USAID decision making process." Further, 22 CFR 216.5 requires USAID operating units to conduct their assistance programs in ways that are sensitive to the protection of endangered or threatened species and their critical habitats. Sections 118 “Tropical Forests” and 119 “Endangered Species” of the FAA codify the more specific U.S. interests in forests and biological diversity. These two provisions require that all USAID Missions conduct a periodic country analysis of the conservation and sustainable use of tropical forests and biological diversity. Specifically, FAA Sections 118 and 119 require that all country plans include: (a) an analysis of the actions necessary in that country to achieve conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests (118) and conserve biological diversity (119); and (b) the extent to which current or proposed USAID USAID/NAMIBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT 85
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USAID/NAMBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
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USAID/NAMIBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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ACRONYMS AALS ART BCLME BMC CBM CBN
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NCA NDP NGO NNF NNFU NPC NPP NSF NW
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A group of resourc
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PURPOSE OF THIS ASSESSMENT This doc
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TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY AND TROPIC
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Another potential impact is the CO
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In addition to the overexploitation
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understanding the perspectives of c
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C. METHODOLOGY This assessment was
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The HIV/AIDS epidemic Natural disas
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TOURISM AND WILDLIFE Tourism in Nam
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An underlying cause of increasing H
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Infant mortality as well as under-f
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Figure 3: Levelsels of school enrol
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3. THE LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONA
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land that was previously used only
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Overall, land productivity, particu
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Marine fisheries are regulated by t
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Figure 5: Namibia’s major biomes
Page 48 and 49: espectively of their areas protecte
Page 50 and 51: development of business skills and
Page 52 and 53: Increasing aridification and a grad
Page 54 and 55: THREAT: POORLY PLANNED RESETTLEMENT
Page 56 and 57: Nine of the 15 southern African bre
Page 58 and 59: Figure 8: Main fishinging areas and
Page 60 and 61: MAJOR THREAT 2. ONSHORE AND OFFSHOR
Page 62 and 63: Deep-sea mining and diamond dredgin
Page 64 and 65: Increases in frequency and intensit
Page 66 and 67: Catchment issues (mainly pollution
Page 68 and 69: Figure 11. Surface and groundwater
Page 70 and 71: small irrigation projects. Wetlands
Page 72 and 73: Local Authorities (also in MRLGHRD)
Page 74 and 75: MAJOR THREAT 6. CLIMATE CHANGE Base
Page 76 and 77: fenced off informally and illegally
Page 78 and 79: Figure15: Average carrying capacity
Page 80 and 81: VALUE OF RANGELAND PRODUCTS Livesto
Page 82 and 83: MAJOR THREAT 5. BUSH ENCROACHMENT I
Page 84 and 85: Figure 17. Distribution of forests
Page 86 and 87: inadequate. About 50 species of pla
Page 88 and 89: Threats Population growth and pover
Page 90 and 91: 5. CONCLUSIONS Despite some shortfa
Page 92 and 93: Focus in the northwest should be on
Page 94 and 95: RECOMMENDATION: LAND-USE ZONATION E
Page 96 and 97: RECOMMENDATION: DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE
Page 100 and 101: actions meet those needs. By mandat
Page 102 and 103: training led to an 8 percent averag
Page 104 and 105: pollution) to which they and humans
Page 106 and 107: Illustrative Outline: a) Introducti
Page 108 and 109: 9. SELECTED REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Page 110 and 111: AR4 spatial pattern that suggests m
Page 112 and 113: The findings by Turpie et al 2010 c
Page 114 and 115: Increasing human-wildlife conflict.
Page 116 and 117: Batty M, Tjipute M, Sowman M, Cardo
Page 118 and 119: Cury, P., & Roy, C. 1989. Optimal e
Page 120 and 121: Hulme, M. (Ed.). 1996. Climate chan
Page 122 and 123: Namibian National Biodiversity Prog
Page 124 and 125: Resources in Southern Africa: Studi
Page 128: U.S. Agency for International Devel
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