usaid/nambia environmental threats and opportunities assessment

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understanding the perspectives of conservancies’ needs with the understanding of the lodge owners’ needs. A forum needs to be established to work through these issues to ensure the gap does not threaten the institutional arrangements of conservancies – for example, lodge owners working around conservancy committees with traditional authorities as the conservancy committees demands are inappropriate or can be marginalized by working with traditional authorities. Recommend Peace Corps to bring business/economics/health volunteers to assist conservancy management. Provide financial support to government, conservancy members, and private lodge operators to attenda USFS protected area management seminar. WWF-Namibia and IRDNC can assist with identifying appropriate candidates. 10 USAID/NAMIBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT
1. INTRODUCTION A. COUNTRY OVERVIEW Namibia is the 34 th largest country in the world and covers approximately 825,000 km 2 . It supports an estimated 2.1 million people, making it the second least populated country on earth. Located in Southern Africa, Namibia’s borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. The Namibian landscape consists of five major geographical areas: the Central Plateau, the Namib Desert, the Great Escarpment, the Bushveld, and the Kalahari Desert. These geographical areas support four majors biomes – the tree and shrub savanna, the Nama Karoo, the Namib Desert, and the Succulent Karoo. These biogeographical areas each contain unique and important biodiversity elements that are critical to Namibia’s long term development goals. The country is administratively divided into 13 regions with an estimated 37% of the population living in urban areas. The majority of rural population resides in the north of the country. B. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ASSESSMENT Section 118 of the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) of 1961 requires that every USAID country development strategy statement or country plan include an analysis of: “1) the actions necessary in that country to achieve conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests;” and “2) the extent to which the actions proposed by the agency meet the needs thus identified.” Section 119 dictates that every country strategic plan developed by USAID shall include: “1) the actions necessary in that country to conserve biological diversity;” and “2) the extent to which the actions proposed for support by the agency meet the needs thus identified.” Hence, the use of the 118/119 report to assist the development of country level plans or strategies is a legal requirement. This document analyzes the status of biodiversity and tropical forest conservation in Namibia, identifies principal problems and their causes, and provides the USAID mission with recommendations for including biodiversity and tropical forest conservation in a portfolio that is appropriate to Namibia’s development needs. It has five objectives: Assess the current state of biodiversity conservation and forest management in Namibia Identify the root causes of processes and trends that threaten biodiversity and tropical forests Identify the immediate causes for the threats to biodiversity and tropical forests Identify priority actions necessary to better conserve tropical forests and biological diversity in Namibia Provide specific recommendation to USAID/Namibia on how to incorporate actions that will help conserve biodiversity and tropical forests into its strategic priorities given budget and programmatic constraints USAID/NAMIBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT 11
Page 1 and 2: USAID/NAMBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
Page 3: USAID/NAMIBIA ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 9 and 10: ACRONYMS AALS ART BCLME BMC CBM CBN
Page 11 and 12: NCA NDP NGO NNF NNFU NPC NPP NSF NW
Page 13: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A group of resourc
Page 16 and 17: PURPOSE OF THIS ASSESSMENT This doc
Page 18 and 19: TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY AND TROPIC
Page 20 and 21: Another potential impact is the CO
Page 22 and 23: In addition to the overexploitation
Page 26 and 27: C. METHODOLOGY This assessment was
Page 28 and 29: The HIV/AIDS epidemic Natural disas
Page 30 and 31: TOURISM AND WILDLIFE Tourism in Nam
Page 32 and 33: An underlying cause of increasing H
Page 34 and 35: Infant mortality as well as under-f
Page 36 and 37: Figure 3: Levelsels of school enrol
Page 38 and 39: 3. THE LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONA
Page 40 and 41: land that was previously used only
Page 42 and 43: Overall, land productivity, particu
Page 44 and 45: Marine fisheries are regulated by t
Page 46 and 47: Figure 5: Namibia’s major biomes
Page 48 and 49: espectively of their areas protecte
Page 50 and 51: development of business skills and
Page 52 and 53: Increasing aridification and a grad
Page 54 and 55: THREAT: POORLY PLANNED RESETTLEMENT
Page 56 and 57: Nine of the 15 southern African bre
Page 58 and 59: Figure 8: Main fishinging areas and
Page 60 and 61: MAJOR THREAT 2. ONSHORE AND OFFSHOR
Page 62 and 63: Deep-sea mining and diamond dredgin
Page 64 and 65: Increases in frequency and intensit
Page 66 and 67: Catchment issues (mainly pollution
Page 68 and 69: Figure 11. Surface and groundwater
Page 70 and 71: small irrigation projects. Wetlands
Page 72 and 73: Local Authorities (also in MRLGHRD)
Page 74 and 75:
MAJOR THREAT 6. CLIMATE CHANGE Base
Page 76 and 77:
fenced off informally and illegally
Page 78 and 79:
Figure15: Average carrying capacity
Page 80 and 81:
VALUE OF RANGELAND PRODUCTS Livesto
Page 82 and 83:
MAJOR THREAT 5. BUSH ENCROACHMENT I
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 17. Distribution of forests
Page 86 and 87:
inadequate. About 50 species of pla
Page 88 and 89:
Threats Population growth and pover
Page 90 and 91:
5. CONCLUSIONS Despite some shortfa
Page 92 and 93:
Focus in the northwest should be on
Page 94 and 95:
RECOMMENDATION: LAND-USE ZONATION E
Page 96 and 97:
RECOMMENDATION: DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE
Page 98 and 99:
Water and Forestry Debra Mosel Assi
Page 100 and 101:
actions meet those needs. By mandat
Page 102 and 103:
training led to an 8 percent averag
Page 104 and 105:
pollution) to which they and humans
Page 106 and 107:
Illustrative Outline: a) Introducti
Page 108 and 109:
9. SELECTED REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Page 110 and 111:
AR4 spatial pattern that suggests m
Page 112 and 113:
The findings by Turpie et al 2010 c
Page 114 and 115:
Increasing human-wildlife conflict.
Page 116 and 117:
Batty M, Tjipute M, Sowman M, Cardo
Page 118 and 119:
Cury, P., & Roy, C. 1989. Optimal e
Page 120 and 121:
Hulme, M. (Ed.). 1996. Climate chan
Page 122 and 123:
Namibian National Biodiversity Prog
Page 124 and 125:
Resources in Southern Africa: Studi
Page 128:
U.S. Agency for International Devel
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usaid/nambia environmental threats and opportunities assessment

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