OF THE ROGER N. CLARK
OF THE ROGER N. CLARK
OF THE ROGER N. CLARK
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VISUAL ASTRONOMY <strong>OF</strong> <strong>THE</strong> DEEP SKY<br />
- -<br />
APPENDIX F: OPTIMUM DETECTION MAGNIFICATIONS FOR DEEP-SKY OBJECTS<br />
Optimum Detection Magnification<br />
Optimum Detection Magnification<br />
size for a given telescope aperture size for a given telescope aperture<br />
ID v mag arc - min S.B. Cl 2 4 6 8 12 16 24 ID v mag arc -min S.B. Cl 2 4 6 8 12 16 24<br />
--------1-----1---------1----1----1----1----1----1 ----1----1----1---- - - ----- -1-----1---------1----1 - ---1 ----1----1----1----1----1----1----<br />
NGC 4116 12 .3 3. 3x1 . 4 22 .6 0.7 206 126 88 61<br />
NGC 4123 12 .0 3.5x2 .4 22 .9 0.5 145 62 38 34 41<br />
NGC 4147 11 . 4x4 22 .6 0.6<br />
NGC 4192 11 . 0 8.2x2 .0 22 .7 0.6 180 93 57<br />
47<br />
22 20 27 41<br />
NGC 4214 10 .5 7.0x4 .5 22 .9 0.6 36 18 20 27 41<br />
44<br />
41<br />
55<br />
54<br />
54<br />
54<br />
54<br />
81 NGC 4417 12 .2 2.2xO .8 21 .4 1.1 450 450 436 306 187 131 101<br />
81 NGC 4424 12 .5 2. 5x1 . 3 22 .4 0.7 243 148 104 68 60 81<br />
81 NGC 4425 12 .9 2.0xO .5 21. 5 1.1 720 720 720 531 373 227<br />
81 NGC 4435 11 . 8 1.4xO .9 20 .7 1.4 400 400 335 236 144 101 86<br />
81 NGC 443 8 11 . 0 4.0x1 . 5 21 . 6 1.1 240 177 108 76 55 54 81<br />
NGC 4216 10 .9 7. 2x1 . 0 21. 7 1.0 360 360 265 187 114 87 81 NGC 4448 11 .7 2. 9x1 . 0 21. 5 1.1 360 360 265 187 114 87 81<br />
NGC 4236 10 .7 22x5 24 .4 -0.1 29 16 20 27 41 54 81 NGC 4449 10 .5 4. 2x3 . 0 21 . 9 0.9 89 38 28 27 41 54 81<br />
NGC 4244 10 .7 13 .0x1 .0 22 .1 0.9 360 360 265 187 114 87 81 NGC 4450 11 .1 3.8x3 .0 22 .4 0.8 89 38 28<br />
NGC 4251 11 .3 2.0xO .8 20 .4 1.5 450 450 436 306 187 131 101 NGC 4458 12 .0 1.9x1 .8 22 .0 0.9 200 118 72 51 43 54 81<br />
NGC 4254 10 .4 4.5x4 .0 22 .2 0.8<br />
22 20 27<br />
81 NGC 4459 11 .7 1. 5x1 . 0 20 .8 1.4 360 360 265 187 114 87 81<br />
NGC 4258 9.0 19 . 5x6 .5 22 .9 0.5 16 14 20 27 41<br />
47<br />
41 54<br />
54<br />
81 3C273 12 .8 stellar<br />
NGC 4260 12 .7 2.3xO .9 22 .1 0.9 400 335 236 144 101 86 NGC 4461 12 .2 2. Ox1 . 0 21 . 6 1.1 360 360 265 187 114 87 81<br />
NGC 4261 11 .7 2. Ox1 . 7 21 . 7 1.0 212 134 82 57 46<br />
81 NGC 4472 10 .1 4.0x3 .4 21. 6 1.1 67 29 23 27 41 54 81<br />
54<br />
NGC 4273 12 .3 1.7x1 .2 21 . 7 1.0 290 177 124 76 67 81 NGC 4473 11 .3 2. Ox1 . 0 20 .7 1.4 360 360 265 187 114 87 81<br />
NGC 4274 11 .5 5. Ox1 . 2 22 .1 0.9 300 290 177 124 76 67 81 NGC 4476 13 .3 0.7xO .4 20 .5 1.5 900 900 900 871 613 373<br />
27<br />
41<br />
54<br />
81<br />
NGC 4281 12 .2 1.5xO .8 21 .0 1.3 450 450 436 306 187 131 101 NGC<br />
4477<br />
10 .4 4.0x3 .5 21 . 9 0.9 63 27 22 27 41 54 81<br />
NGC 4293 11 .7 4. 8x1 . 8 22 .7 0.6 200 118 72 51 43 54 81 NGC 4478 12 .4 1. Ox1 . 8 21 . 7 1.0 360 265 187 114 87 81<br />
NGC 4294 12 .6 2.4xO .9 22 .1 0.9 400 335 236 144 101 86 NGC 4479 12 .5 1. 5x1 . 5 22 .0 0.9 177 108 76 55 54 81<br />
NGC 4298 11 .9 2.7x1 .1 21 . 7 1.0 327 327 215 151 92 76 81 NGC 448 5 12 .5 1. 3xO . 7 21 . 0 1.3 514 514 412 251 177 122<br />
NGC 4299 12 .9 1.1xO .9 21 . 5 1.1 400 335 236 144 101 86 NGC 4486 8.6 3.0x3 .0 19 .6 1.9 89 38 28 27 41 54 81<br />
NGC 4302 12 .9 4.5xO .5 22 .4 0.7 720 720 720 531<br />
NGC 4303 10 .2 5.7x5 .5 22 .6 0.7 23 14 20<br />
27<br />
373<br />
227 NGC 4490 10 .1 5.Ox2 .0 21. 2 1.2 180 93<br />
57 44<br />
41 54 81<br />
41 54 81 NGC 4494 10 .9 1.4xl .4 20 .3 1.6 257 206 126 88 61 55 81<br />
NGC 4321 10 .4 5.2x5 .0 22 .6 0.7 29 16 20 27 41 54 81 NGC 4501 10 .5 5.7x2 .5 22 .0 0.9 133<br />
57<br />
36 32 41 54 81<br />
M40 9.0 NGC 4517 11 .4 9. Ox1 . 0 22 .4 0.7 360 360 265 187 114 87 81<br />
NGC 4340 13 .0 2.2x1 .4 22 .8 0.6 206 126 88 61 55 81 NGC 4526 10 .7 4.0x1 . 0 20 .8 1.4 360 360 265 187 114 87 81<br />
NGC 4349 10 . 15x15 24 .5 -0.1 7 14 20 27 41 54 81 NGC 4527 11 .3 5.1x1 .1 21. 8 1.0 327 327 215 151 92 76 81<br />
NGC 4350 11 .9 1. 9xO . 5 20 .5 1.5 720 720 720 720 531 373 227 NGC 4535 10 .7 6.0x4 .0 22 .8 0.6 47 22 20 27 41<br />
NGC 4361 10 .5 1. 3x1 . 3 19 .7 1.8 277 243 148 104 68 60 81 NGC 4536 11 .0 7.0x2 .0 22 .5 0.7 180 93 57 44<br />
NGC 4365 11 . 0 2.0x1 .3 20 .7 1.4 277 243 148 104 68 60 81 1.3568 11 .6 0.60xO .60 19 .1 2.1 600 600 600 581 354 249 152<br />
NGC 4374 10 .5 2. Ox1 . 8 20 .5 1.5 200 118 72 51 43 54 81 NGC 4548 10 .9 3.9x3 .4 22 .3 0.8 67 29 23 27<br />
NGC 4382 10 .5 3.0x2 .0 21 .1 1.3 180 93 57 44 41 54 81 NGC 4552 11 . 0 2.0x2 .0 21 .1 1.2 180 93 57 44 41<br />
NGC 4372 8. 18x18 22 .9 0.5 7 14 20 27 41 54 81 NGC 4559 10 .5 10 .0x3 .0 22 .8 0.6 89 38 28 27<br />
NGC 4387 12 .0 1.9x1 .1 21 .4 1.1 327 327 215 151 92 76 81 NGC 4564 11 .1 3.1x1 .4 21. 3 1.2 257 206 126 88 61 55 81<br />
NGC 4388 12 .0 5. Ox1 . 0 22 .4 0.7 360 360 265 187 114 87 81 NGC 4565 10 .5 15 .0x1 .1 22 .2 0.8 327 327 215 151 92 76 81<br />
NGC 4394 12 .0 3.0x3 .0 23 .0 0.5 89 38 28 27 41 54 81<br />
NGC 4567 12 .0 2. 4x1 . 6 22 .1 0.9 225 153 93 66 50 54 81<br />
41<br />
41<br />
41<br />
54<br />
81<br />
54 81<br />
54 81<br />
54<br />
81<br />
54 81<br />
NGC 4395 11 . 0 10 .0x8 .0 24 .4 -0.1 11 14 20 27 41 54 81<br />
NGC 4402 13 .0 2.0xO .8 22 .1 0.8 450 436 306 187 131 101<br />
NGC 4406 10 .5 3.0x2 .8 21 .4 1.1 103 44 30 28 41 54 81<br />
NGC 4413 13 .2 1.lxO .7 21. 5 1.1 514 514 412 251 177 122<br />
NGC 4414 11 .0 3 . 1x1 . 5 21. 3 1.2 240 177 108 76 55 54 81<br />
NGC 4568 11 .9 3. 6x1 . 8 22 .6 0.7 200 118 72 51 43 54 81<br />
NGC 4569 9.0 7.0x2 .5 20 .7 1.4 133 57 36 32 41 54 81<br />
NGC 4579 10 .5 4.0x3 .5 22 .0 0.9 63 27 22 27 41 54 81<br />
H7 10 . 8x8 23 .1 0.4 11 14 20 27 41 54 81<br />
NGC 4590 8. 9x9 21 .4 1.1 9 14 20 27 41 54 81<br />
330 33 1
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