OF THE ROGER N. CLARK

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--- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY A VISUAL ATLAS OF DEEP-SKY OBJECTS • • • ---5' --- Photograph of NGC 891. South is up. (Courtesy Mount Wilson and Las Campanas Observatories, Carnegie Institution of Washington.) Drawing of NGC 891. Scale: 0.75 arc-min/cm 8-inch fll1.5 Cassegrain 20mm Erfle (117x) 12.4mm Erfle (l88X) Viewing Distance (cm) 25X: 183 200X:23 50 X: 92 300 X : 15 100x: 46 400X: II air mass: 1.17, faintest star: 14.2 at zenith, 188X; no tracking 10/8/83 13:33-13:50 UT at Waianae ranch ' Hawaii; R. Clark 84 85
VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY A VISUAL ATLAS OF DEEP-SKY OBJECTS M77 (NGC 1068), SEYFERT GALAXY IN CETUS R.A. 02h 42 .7m, Dec. -000 01 ' (2 000.0) Technical. M77 is one of a class of galaxies with bright, very active nuclei. These are the Seyfert galaxies, named after Carl Seyfert who studied them in the early 1940s. The nucleus of M77 is ej ecting clouds of gas at a velocity of 600 kilometers per second, and each of these clouds is estimated to contain as much mass as 10 million suns. The nuclei of some Seyfert galaxies vary in brightness, but that of M77 does not. The distance to M77 is about 75 million light-years, and the diameter of its outermost region is around 100 000 light-years. The total mass is estimated to be about 100 billion suns; the light output, 40 billion suns. Like most Seyfert galaxies, M77 is also a strong radio source. Radio astronomers know it as 3C 71. Visual. M77 is magnitude 10.0 and about 2.5 by 1. 7 arc-minutes in size. Its mean surface brightness is 20.2 magnitudes per square arc-second. Faint spiral arms extend to a diameter of 6 arc-minutes but have not been reported visually. The galaxy has a bright inner spiral pattern 40 by 20 arc-seconds in size which is not seen in small amateur telescoes. Some observers have reported a mottled effect in large telescopes. A second, larger spiral pattern extends to 2.5 by 1.7 arcminutes. The visual impression is that of a bright central region surrounded by a diffuse oval, which in turn is surrounded by a larger and fainter oval. In the 8-inch the bright inner region did show a brighter spot southwest the nucleus. This spot corresponds to a part of a spiral arm, which might be re(:09ni: able as such in a large telescope under very dark skies at 200x or more. -- N GC 1 365, BARRED SPIRAL GALAXY IN FORNAX R . A . 03h 33.7m, Dec. _360 08' (2000.0) Technical. NGC 1365 is a beautiful barred spiral galaxy, probably the finest . example of . its class in the southern sky. It IS the third brightest _ me b r of the FO r,:ax
Page 1 and 2: OF THE ROGER N. CLARK
Page 3 and 4: Published by Sky Publishing Corpora
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS M78 (NGC 2068) NGC 207 1,
Page 7 and 8: PREFACE During research for this bo
Page 9 and 10: VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY AB
Page 11 and 12: VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY TH
Page 13 and 14: .. .. .. .. VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE
Page 17 and 18: e viewed with enough magnification
Page 21 and 22: lens and a piano-convex eye lens. A
Page 25 and 26: controlled depends on how many laye
Page 27 and 28: The Lumicon H-Beta Filter (Figure 3
Page 29 and 30: every 1 ° in declination and 4 min
Page 31 and 32: error of only one quarter the field
Page 33 and 34: Table 4.1. Ideal limiting magnitude
Page 35 and 36: 5 Making drawings and keeping recor
Page 37 and 38: more detail in the future. They add
Page 39 and 40: .. .. .. ... Contrast (C) C Log(C)
Page 41 and 42: VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY A
Page 47 and 48: --- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SK
Page 49: --- M76 (NGC 650-651), PLANETARY NE
Page 53 and 54: -- -- M45, THE PLEIADES OPEN CLUSTE
Page 55 and 56: -- Brightest stars of the Pleiades
Page 57 and 58: M42 (NGC 1976), M43 (NGC 1982), THE
Page 59 and 60: --- --- --- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE
Page 61 and 62: -- --- NGC 2023 NGC 2024, IC 434 (T
Page 63 and 64: --- --- M78 (NGC 2068), NGC 2071, D
Page 65 and 66: VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY --
Page 67 and 68: --- M67 (NGC 2682), OPEN CLUSTER IN
Page 69 and 70: -- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY
Page 71 and 72: --- -- M82 (NGC 3034), PECULIAR GAL
Page 73 and 74: -- --- --- MI05 (NGe 3379) NGe 3384
Page 77 and 78: MI09 (NGe 3992), GALAXY IN URSA MAJ
Page 79 and 80: -- --- M99 (NGC 4254), GALAXY IN CO
Page 81 and 82: == -- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP
Page 83 and 84: --- --- -- NGC 4449, GALAXY IN CANE
Page 85 and 86: -- -- --- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE D
Page 87 and 88: --- -- M90 (NGC 4569), GALAXY IN VI
Page 89 and 90: --- -- M94 (NGC 4736), GALAXY IN CA
Page 93 and 94: -- VISUAL ASTRON0MY OF THE DEEP SKY
Page 95 and 96: -- --- -- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE D
Page 97 and 98: -- -- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP
Page 99 and 100: --- -- M83 (NGC 5236), GALAXY IN HY
Page 101 and 102:
-- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY
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VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY A
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--- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SK
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--- -- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP
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---------------- 5 / --------______
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VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY --
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-- -- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP
Page 121 and 122:
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-- MI5 (NGC 7078), GLOBULAR CLUSTER
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-- ·rl E I u L ro 5 +J Q) (f) 0 Y
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-- --- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP
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VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY NG
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'2 5 -rl E I U L CO '---' -t-J ill
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VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY AP
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VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY Ta
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-- Appendix E A catalog of deep-sky
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-- -- --- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE D
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--- --- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEE
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-- -- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP
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-- APPENDIX F: OPTIMUM DETECTION MA
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------- VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEE
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VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY -
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VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY -
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G VISUAL ASTRONOMY OF THE DEEP SKY
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INDEX INDEX M70 (NGC 6681), 312, 31
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OF THE ROGER N. CLARK

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