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of Nepal. (2008). Initial Report on the Optional Protocol to the
Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child
Prostitution and Child Pornography. Kathmandu: MoWCSW.
13 Frederick, J., Terre des hommes. (2005). A Study of Trafficked
Nepalese Girls and Women in Mumbai and Kolkata, India.
14 USAID. (2008). India HIV/AIDS Health Profile 2008. Delhi: USAID.
(Data from India National AIDS Control Organization 2005). Sentinel
surveillance in 2007 indicates a stability in HIV prevalence for female
sex workers in Maharashtra, although a decline nationally.
15 Silverman, J.G. et al. (2007). ‘HIV Prevalence and Predictors of
Infection in Sex-Trafficked Nepalese Girls and Women‘, JAMA, August
1, 2007 – Vol. 298, No. 5 (Reprinted).
16 Frederick, J., Terre des hommes. (2005). A Study of Trafficked
Nepalese Girls and Women in Mumbai and Kolkata, India.
17 Among other references: Asian Development Bank. (2002).
Combatting Trafficking of Women and Children in South Asia:
Country Paper: The Kingdom of Nepal. Kathmandu: ADB.
18 US Department of State. (2008). 2008 Human Rights Report:
Nepal. Washington: USDOS.
19 Nepali Times. (2009). Modern day slavery: Nepali women are
paying brokers to be sold to Korean 'husbands'. Issue #438 (13-19
February 2009).
http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2009/02/13/FromTheNepaliPress/15
667.
20 ActionAid Nepal. (2004). Plight of Cabin Keepers. Kathmandu:
ActionAid Nepal. (hereinafter referred to as the ActionAid 2004 study)
21 A number of informal researches and journalistic investigations
have been conducted. See inter alia Nepali Times. (2004). Manpower
agencies and women’s power. Misery at home forces Nepali women
domestics in the Gulf to endure abuse. Issue #207 (30 July to 05
August 2004).
http://www.nepalitimes.com.np/issue/207/Nation/1981.
22 Estimates by newspapers as well as an MoWCSW study of 2008
(Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare, Government of
Nepal. [2008]. Study Report about Cabin, Dance Restaurant and
Massage Parlours. Kathmandu: MoWCSW) claim as many as 30,000
to 40,000 female workers in the entertainment Industry. However,
reliable data from professional research organisations suggest a much
smaller figure. A 2003 study conducted by New ERA (New ERA.
[2003]. Behavioural Surveillance Survey of Female Sex Workers and
Clients in Kathmandu Valley: Round I. Kathmandu: New ERA,
hereinafter referred to as the New ERA 2003 study) estimated a total
of 4,000 to 5,000 sex workers in the Kathmandu Valley, including
street sex workers. A mapping by CREHPA in 2002 (CREHPA.
[2002]. A Situation Assessment of Female Sex Workers in Kathmandu
Valley: A Focused Ethnographic Study. Kathmandu: CREHPA,
hereinafter referred to as the CREHPA 2002 study) estimated between
2,000 and 3,000 persons in the entertainment industry. Numbers
are uncertain as no recent mapping has been conducted. The situation
analysis conducted for this document in 2009 estimates approximately
6,000 to 7,200 girls and women working in cabin restaurants, 3,400
to 4,000 in dance bars, 900 to 1,100 in dohori restaurants, and 750
to 850 in massage parlours, totalling approximately 11,000 to 13,000
girls and women.
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