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More than two-thirds of restaurant workers smoke cigarettes, and the majority of workers say this is a result of their job. © Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Program, 2009
THE IMPACTS OF THE SEX INDUSTRY PART 5. Nepal’s entertainment industry and sex industry go hand in hand. While income from the entertainment and tourism industries could benefit many people – waitresses, taxi drivers, lodge owners, police and primarily owners – the impacts of the sex industry are a concern. TRAFFICKING AND PARTICIPATION IN THE ENTERTAINMENT AND SEX INDUSTRIES A decade ago, Nepal did not have a serious concern about internal trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. Today, it does. By international definition, the majority of those conducting sex work in the local sex industry are trafficking victims. However, it should be remembered that all those working in the entertainment industry are not sex workers, and are not considered trafficking victims unless a trafficking act took place for the purpose of exploitation. Nearly half entered the sex industry as children, and all children who are brought into commercial sexual exploitation are usually considered trafficking victims, whether they entered willingly or not. Among those persons who entered as adults, many came into the entertainment industry hoping for a bright future in the city and did not understand that they would be conducting sex work. Thus, those who end up in sex work are victims of fraud, deception, enticement or allurement – and are defined as trafficking victims under Nepali and international law. Research indicates that very few women are brought into the local sex industry by force or abduction. 62 At the same time, a significant but unknown number of adult women enter the entertainment sector and engage in sex work willingly and knowingly, and are not victims of trafficking. Notably, as many as one third of girls and women enter of their own accord. 63 Many of these have previously worked in other jobs in the Kathmandu Valley, such as carpet factories, and many are married women with children, who have been abandoned by their husbands. Studies conducted on entertainment workers indicate that more than one half enter the entertainment industry through the influence of friends (which may include “boyfriends”). 64 Entertainment workers themselves are the primary procurers of other girls and women for the industry, and are paid for bringing new girls to the owners. 65 Relatives and community members also contribute to the trafficking and procurement of girls and women. 66 Informal reports also indicate that sometimes girls and women are not allowed to leave the work until they find other girls to replace them, or are forced into indebtedness by owners or woman ‘leaders’, and must repay 2010 Terre des hommes www.tdh.ch 45
Page 2 and 3: Publications of Terre des hommes en
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS ACRONYMS 5 PREFACE BY THE
Page 6 and 7: Terre des hommes Foundation deserve
Page 8 and 9: Isn’t it too late already The Nep
Page 10 and 11: One or several acts Human trafficki
Page 12 and 13: ‘sale’ and normally do not adop
Page 14 and 15: Are boys also victims of traffickin
Page 16 and 17: A girl in a cabin restaurant in Pok
Page 18 and 19: clients - who now access sex worker
Page 20 and 21: How are victims trafficked Girls an
Page 22 and 23: © Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Prog
Page 24 and 25: the Shakti Samuha 2008 study, 73% o
Page 26 and 27: The table below presents the age an
Page 28 and 29: increasingly engage in personal soc
Page 30 and 31: ©Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Progr
Page 32 and 33: The maze of alleys south of Sundhar
Page 34 and 35: usually take place in dohoris, alth
Page 36 and 37: Guest houses Guest houses, or ‘lo
Page 38 and 39: Unsupported by husbands Absentee hu
Page 40 and 41: PROCURING SEX IN THE ENTERTAINMENT
Page 42 and 43: Nepal’s entertainment and sex ind
Page 46 and 47: ‘My own close relatives brought m
Page 48 and 49: The table below presents the psycho
Page 50 and 51: girls’ and women’s bodies invit
Page 52 and 53: The threat of arrest gives the poli
Page 54 and 55: A better salary, but not enough One
Page 56 and 57: either from ‘advances’ given to
Page 58 and 59: In regard to the entertainment indu
Page 60 and 61: © Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Prog
Page 62 and 63: is a fantasy. In Thailand and India
Page 64 and 65: sex worker, few are willing to risk
Page 66 and 67: Will a ‘red light area’ fix the
Page 68 and 69: A Protection and Social Welfare Sys
Page 70 and 71: THE STAKEHOLDERS GOVERNMENT Ministr
Page 72 and 73: to minimize trafficking of women, d
Page 74 and 75: Ministry of Labour and Transport Ma
Page 76 and 77: agencies and international organisa
Page 78 and 79: PROGRESS SINCE 2000 Although the en
Page 80 and 81: 2005 National HIV/AIDS Strategy (20
Page 82 and 83: of the writ petition filed by Pro-p
Page 84 and 85: BEYOND REGULATIONS The primary resp
Page 86 and 87: Work Accomplished by the Office of
Page 88 and 89: either be repealed or revised for c
Page 90 and 91: mentions single women: ‘The state
Page 92 and 93: Regulation) Act 2053 to work in res
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Policy: The practice of placing “
Page 96 and 97:
forms of gender discrimination, pre
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WHAT SHOULD BE THE PRIORITY The sit
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© Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Prog
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· Optional Protocol of the Convent
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LEGISLATION An Act to Amend Some Ne
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RESOURCES Organisations or entities
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Samrakshak Samuha Nepal. Puja Dhima
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26538, Thapathali, Kathmandu. Tel:
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ANTI-TRAFFICKING NETWORKS Alliance
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PERSONS INTERVIEWED ANNEX IV. Aarat
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEX V. ActionAid Nep
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National Centre for AIDS and STD Co
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ENDNOTES ANNEX VI. 1 IRIN Web Speci
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23 Generally, it is found that the
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Women Workers in Woolen Carpet Indu
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68 The percentage of females under
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100 ActionAid 2004 study. 101 Actio
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130 142 Interviews conducted for th
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© Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Prog
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