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The table below presents the age and caste/ethnicity of the women and girls who received individual counseling from Terre des hommes Foundation and its partners (Change Nepal, TPO, Saath Saath) between December 2008 and October 2009. Of the total of 63 persons, two thirds (68%) were children below the age of 18 while only three percent were above 25 years old. By caste/ethnicity, more than half (51%) were from Tamang caste follwed by Brahmin/Chhetri (22%) and Magar (8%). It has been observed however that Dalit girls and women tend to assume “upper caste” identities. Table 1. Background characteristics of the service receivers Background Number Percentage Age Below 15 2 3.2 15-17 41 65.1 18-24 17 27.0 25 and above 2 3.2 Not stated 1 1.6 Caste/ Ethnicity Tamang 32 50.8 Brahmin/Chhetri 14 22.2 Magar 5 7.9 Rai 3 4.8 Newar 4 6.3 Other * 3 4.8 Not stated 2 3.2 Total 63 100 * Tharu/Majhi/Pariyar Source: Tdh Psychosocial Initiative; Jamuna Shrestha, Clinical Supervisor, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), November 2009. 2010 Terre des hommes www.tdh.ch 26
Children between 12 and 15 years old in the Kathmandu Sex industry 2004 2008 2012 of planning and regulation, absence of quality control, and the global economic downturn resulted in the closure or roll-back of many workshops that employed young females who had migrated from the countryside. Unable to generate income in their home villages and unable to find remunerative employment in the cities, many girls and women entered commercial sexual exploitation. A third factor influencing the rise of the sex industry is rapidlychanging social norms. Today, young people in urban areas Percentage of children between 12 and 15 Sources: ActionAid Nepal. (2004). Plight of Cabin Keepers. Kathmandu: ActionAid Nepal; Shakti Samuha (2008). A Study on the Condition of Slavery among Women and Girls Employed in the Restaurants and Massage Parlours of Kathmandu Valley. Kathmandu: Shakti Samuha. migration to urban centres. The conflict exacerbated rural and urban poverty, increasing the need and willingness of the poor to enter employment that they would not have considered before, such as prostitution. And the conflict resulted in the death or out-migration of thousands of men and boys, creating increased pressure upon girls and women to support impoverished families – and many of these entered commercial sexual exploitation due to lack of other opportunities. 31 The rise of the sex industry also accompanied the deterioration of the carpet, garment and pashmina industries in Nepal. Lack Are boys and men involved in the entertainment industry Few compared to girls and women. Male prostitution does exist in the Kathmandu Valley, but customers are primarily contacted in public areas such as parks or are referred to male sex workers through peers and pimps. A few bars cater to males who have sex with males (MSMs), out of which some young adult prostitutes solicit customers. However, many boys, particularly children in a street situation, are subject to non-commercial sexual abuse, primarily by local males. As well, MSMs, both those who dress in male attire and those who dress in female attire, are subject to considerable police harassment, as are the girls and women of the entertainment industry. 2010 Terre des hommes www.tdh.ch 27
Page 2 and 3: Publications of Terre des hommes en
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Page 6 and 7: Terre des hommes Foundation deserve
Page 8 and 9: Isn’t it too late already The Nep
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Page 20 and 21: How are victims trafficked Girls an
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Page 24 and 25: the Shakti Samuha 2008 study, 73% o
Page 28 and 29: increasingly engage in personal soc
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Page 32 and 33: The maze of alleys south of Sundhar
Page 34 and 35: usually take place in dohoris, alth
Page 36 and 37: Guest houses Guest houses, or ‘lo
Page 38 and 39: Unsupported by husbands Absentee hu
Page 40 and 41: PROCURING SEX IN THE ENTERTAINMENT
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Page 44 and 45: More than two-thirds of restaurant
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Page 62 and 63: is a fantasy. In Thailand and India
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agencies and international organisa
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PROGRESS SINCE 2000 Although the en
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2005 National HIV/AIDS Strategy (20
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of the writ petition filed by Pro-p
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BEYOND REGULATIONS The primary resp
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Work Accomplished by the Office of
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either be repealed or revised for c
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mentions single women: ‘The state
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Regulation) Act 2053 to work in res
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Policy: The practice of placing “
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forms of gender discrimination, pre
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WHAT SHOULD BE THE PRIORITY The sit
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© Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Prog
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· Optional Protocol of the Convent
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LEGISLATION An Act to Amend Some Ne
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RESOURCES Organisations or entities
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Samrakshak Samuha Nepal. Puja Dhima
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26538, Thapathali, Kathmandu. Tel:
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ANTI-TRAFFICKING NETWORKS Alliance
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PERSONS INTERVIEWED ANNEX IV. Aarat
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEX V. ActionAid Nep
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National Centre for AIDS and STD Co
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ENDNOTES ANNEX VI. 1 IRIN Web Speci
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23 Generally, it is found that the
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Women Workers in Woolen Carpet Indu
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68 The percentage of females under
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100 ActionAid 2004 study. 101 Actio
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130 142 Interviews conducted for th
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© Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Prog
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