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CONTENTS ACRONYMS 5 PREFACE BY THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR 6 FOREWORD BY TERRE DES HOMMES FOUNDATION 7 PART 1. AN OVERVIEW OF TRAFFICKING AND EXPLOITATION 9 PART 2. TRAFFICKING IN NEPAL 17 INTERNAL TRAFFICKING 17 TRAFFICKING TO INDIA 17 TRAFFICKING OUTSIDE THE REGION 19 PART 3. THE ENTERTAINMENT AND SEX INDUSTRIES IN NEPAL 23 PART 4. PROFILE OF THE ENTERTAINMENT AND SEX INDUSTRIES IN THE KATHMANDU VALLEY 31 THE VENUES 32 THE GIRLS AND WOMEN 36 THE CUSTOMERS 38 PROCURING SEX IN THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY 40 THE ECONOMICS OF THE SEX INDUSTRY 41 SEX TOURISM 42 PART 5. THE IMPACTS OF THE SEX INDUSTRY 45 TRAFFICKING AND PARTICIPATION IN THE ENTERTAINMENT AND SEX INDUSTRIES 45 COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN 46 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT 47 VIOLENCE AGAINST GIRLS AND WOMEN 49 LABOUR ISSUES 53 HEALTH CONCERNS 56 PART 6. AN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY OR A SEX INDUSTRY 61 PART 7. ADDRESSING THE IMPACTS: TOWARDS A PROTECTION SYSTEM 67 THE STAKEHOLDERS 70 PROGRESS SINCE 2000 78 PREVENTING TRAFFICKING AND EXPLOITATION 95 WHAT SHOULD BE THE PRIORITY 98 ANNEXES: ANNEX I. INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL 101 COMMITMENTS ANNEX II. JUDICIAL DECISIONS AND DIRECTIVES, NATIONAL LEGISLATION, REGULATION AND POLICY 103 ANNEX III. RESOURCES 106 ANNEX IV. PERSONS INTERVIEWED 114 ANNEX V. BIBLIOGRAPHY 116 ANNEX VI. ENDNOTES 120
ACRONYMS AATWIN Alliance Against Trafficking in Women and Children in Nepal AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIN Association of International NGOs in Nepal CA Constituent Assembly CBO community-based organisation CCWB Central Child Welfare Board CDO Chief District Officer CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CSA child sexual abuse CSEC commercial sexual exploitation of children DAO District Administration Office DCWB District Child Welfare Board DDC District Development Committee DIC drop-in centre DTF District Task Force GO government organisation HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ILO International Labour Organisation INGO international non-governmental organisation IOM International Organisation for Migration MoES Ministry of Education and Sports MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MoHA Ministry of Home Affairs MoHP Ministry of Health and Populations MoLD Ministry of Local Development MoLJPA Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs MoLTM Ministry of Labour and Transport Management MoWCSW Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare NACP National AIDS Control Programme NCASC National Center for AIDS and STD Control NCCR National Center for Children at Risk NFE non-formal education NGO non-governmental organisation NHRC National Human Rights Commission NNAGT National Network against Girl Trafficking NPA National Plan of Action NPC National Planning Commission NRT National Rapporteur against Trafficking in Women and Children NWC National Women Commission ONRT Office of the National Rapporteur on Trafficking PLWHVA people living with HIV/AIDS SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SC Supreme Court of Nepal STD sexually transmitted disease STI sexually transmitted infection Tdh Terre des hommes Foundation TPO Transcultural Psychosocial Organization UN United Nations UNAIDS United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNICEF ROSA UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women VAW violence against women VCT voluntary counselling and testing VDC Village Development Committee WHO World Health Organisation 2010 Terre des hommes www.tdh.ch 5
Page 2 and 3: Publications of Terre des hommes en
Page 6 and 7: Terre des hommes Foundation deserve
Page 8 and 9: Isn’t it too late already The Nep
Page 10 and 11: One or several acts Human trafficki
Page 12 and 13: ‘sale’ and normally do not adop
Page 14 and 15: Are boys also victims of traffickin
Page 16 and 17: A girl in a cabin restaurant in Pok
Page 18 and 19: clients - who now access sex worker
Page 20 and 21: How are victims trafficked Girls an
Page 22 and 23: © Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Prog
Page 24 and 25: the Shakti Samuha 2008 study, 73% o
Page 26 and 27: The table below presents the age an
Page 28 and 29: increasingly engage in personal soc
Page 30 and 31: ©Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Progr
Page 32 and 33: The maze of alleys south of Sundhar
Page 34 and 35: usually take place in dohoris, alth
Page 36 and 37: Guest houses Guest houses, or ‘lo
Page 38 and 39: Unsupported by husbands Absentee hu
Page 40 and 41: PROCURING SEX IN THE ENTERTAINMENT
Page 42 and 43: Nepal’s entertainment and sex ind
Page 44 and 45: More than two-thirds of restaurant
Page 46 and 47: ‘My own close relatives brought m
Page 48 and 49: The table below presents the psycho
Page 50 and 51: girls’ and women’s bodies invit
Page 52 and 53: The threat of arrest gives the poli
Page 54 and 55:
A better salary, but not enough One
Page 56 and 57:
either from ‘advances’ given to
Page 58 and 59:
In regard to the entertainment indu
Page 60 and 61:
© Giulio Di Sturco/VII Mentor Prog
Page 62 and 63:
is a fantasy. In Thailand and India
Page 64 and 65:
sex worker, few are willing to risk
Page 66 and 67:
Will a ‘red light area’ fix the
Page 68 and 69:
A Protection and Social Welfare Sys
Page 70 and 71:
THE STAKEHOLDERS GOVERNMENT Ministr
Page 72 and 73:
to minimize trafficking of women, d
Page 74 and 75:
Ministry of Labour and Transport Ma
Page 76 and 77:
agencies and international organisa
Page 78 and 79:
PROGRESS SINCE 2000 Although the en
Page 80 and 81:
2005 National HIV/AIDS Strategy (20
Page 82 and 83:
of the writ petition filed by Pro-p
Page 84 and 85:
BEYOND REGULATIONS The primary resp
Page 86 and 87:
Work Accomplished by the Office of
Page 88 and 89:
either be repealed or revised for c
Page 90 and 91:
mentions single women: ‘The state
Page 92 and 93:
Regulation) Act 2053 to work in res
Page 94 and 95:
Policy: The practice of placing “
Page 96 and 97:
forms of gender discrimination, pre
Page 98 and 99:
WHAT SHOULD BE THE PRIORITY The sit
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
· Optional Protocol of the Convent
Page 104 and 105:
LEGISLATION An Act to Amend Some Ne
Page 106 and 107:
RESOURCES Organisations or entities
Page 108 and 109:
Samrakshak Samuha Nepal. Puja Dhima
Page 110 and 111:
26538, Thapathali, Kathmandu. Tel:
Page 112 and 113:
ANTI-TRAFFICKING NETWORKS Alliance
Page 114 and 115:
PERSONS INTERVIEWED ANNEX IV. Aarat
Page 116 and 117:
BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEX V. ActionAid Nep
Page 118 and 119:
National Centre for AIDS and STD Co
Page 120 and 121:
ENDNOTES ANNEX VI. 1 IRIN Web Speci
Page 122 and 123:
23 Generally, it is found that the
Page 124 and 125:
Women Workers in Woolen Carpet Indu
Page 126 and 127:
68 The percentage of females under
Page 128 and 129:
100 ActionAid 2004 study. 101 Actio
Page 130 and 131:
130 142 Interviews conducted for th
Page 132:
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