International Education Guide - Enterprise and Advanced Education ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

.32 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE for the assessment of education from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Table 20. Fall Semester 2007 Academic Calendar 2007–08, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Public) Semester begins 15 Aug 2007 Mid-term exams 15–20 Oct 2007 Final exams 17–22 Dec 2007 Results 31 Dec 2007 Spring Semester 2008 Semester begins 17 Jan 2008 Mid-term exams 3–8 Mar 2008 Final exams 5–10 May 2008 Results 19 May 2008 Summer Semester 2008 Semester begins 2 Jun 2008 Mid-term exams 30 Jun 2008 Final exams 4 Aug 2008 Results 11 Aug 2008 Table 21. Academic Calendar 2006–07, Sindh Agriculture University (Public) First Semester (Spring) Admission test 19 Nov 2006 Class begins 1 Jan 2007 Examinations 2–31 May 2007 Results 17 Jun 2007 Second Semester (Fall) Class begins 2 Jul 2007 Examinations 29 Oct – 3 Nov 2007 Results 16 Dec 2007 Program length has traditionally been defined by years of full-time study, for example, two-year bachelor’s (pass) degrees and three-year bachelor’s (honours) degrees. This is being replaced by the credit system, with program length defined in terms of minimum credits or credit hours. One credit or credit hour generally represents one instructional hour per week over the course of an 18-week semester (with 14 to 15 weeks of instruction). For example, a four-year bachelor’s degree may require between 120 and 140 credits of coursework. Language of Instruction English has been the language of instruction for higher education since the British colonial period. After Pakistan gained independence in 1947, Urdu was made the national language. Several national education documents envisaged the eventual replacement of English by Urdu as the language of advanced study and research, but this has not happened. Today both Urdu and English are languages of instruction in higher education. While English is the dominant language in science and technical programs, Urdu remains a common language of instruction in most other subjects, partly due to the lack of English competence on the part of faculty and students and to the lack of English language learning resources. Grading Scale Percentage marks are commonly used. The Pakistani system is low marking, with 40 per cent as a common minimum pass mark, although some institutions or programs have a 50 per cent pass. Grading scale information is usually provided on the marks sheets issued by universities. Table 22. Table 23. Grading Scale, Allama Iqbal Open University (National) Percentage (%) Mark Letter Grade Letter Grade 80 and above A+ 70–79 A 60–69 B 50–59 C 40–49 D Below 40 Fail Grading Scale, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Public) Grade Point Percentage (%) Mark Descriptor A 4 80–100 Excellent B 3 65–79 Good C 2 50–64 Satisfactory D 1 40–49 Pass F 0 Below 40 Fail
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE for the assessment of education from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan .33 Table 24. Grading Scale, City University of Science and Technology, Peshawar (Private) Percentage (%) Mark Letter Grade Grade Points 92–100 A+ 4.00 86–91 A 3.67 79–85 B+ 3.33 70–78 B 3.00 63–69 C+ 2.50 56–62 C 2.00 50–55 D 1.50 Below 50% F Fail Withdrawal W – Incomplete I – For more information, refer to Grading Scales. Types of Institutions Higher education in Pakistan is delivered by over one hundred universities and degree-awarding institutions, over 1,000 general colleges and over 1,000 professional colleges. Universities and Degree-Awarding Institutions (DAIs) Two types of institutions are authorized to award academic degrees in Pakistan: universities and other degree-awarding institutions. Their total number is 122 (2008), including 93 universities and 29 DAIs. Although they offer both undergraduate and graduate programs, their focus is on graduate education and research, with undergraduate teaching mostly conducted at affiliated colleges. Universities and DAIs can be classified in various ways. In terms of jurisdiction, they are national or provincial, as they receive their charters through acts of federal or provincial legislatures. There are 21 national institutions, most of which are located in Islamabad, the national capital. The remaining 101 institutions belong to the four provinces: Sindh (38), Punjab (36), NWFP (21), and Balochistan (6). In terms of funding, institutions are public or private. Universities in Pakistan were all public until 1982. Since the late 1990s many private institutions have been chartered. There are now 65 public and 57 private universities and DAIs. The federal government is responsible for funding all public universities and DAIs in Pakistan. Private institutions are self-financed, with student fees as their main source of income. In terms of structure, universities can be affiliating or non-affiliating. An affiliating university has a number of colleges attached to it. It formulates the curricula and syllabi, administers examinations and awards degrees for undergraduate programs at its affiliated colleges. Its own faculties, departments and/or constituent colleges conduct research and offer graduate programs. Some public universities have very large numbers of affiliated colleges, the top one being the University of the Punjab, which had about 530 affiliated colleges in 2008. A few universities have no affiliated colleges; their faculties, departments and/ or constituent colleges conduct research and offer both undergraduate and graduate programs. DAIs usually do not have affiliated colleges. In terms of fields of study, universities are general or specialized. General universities offer programs in a wide range of fields. Specialized universities offer programs only in specific areas such as art and design, agriculture and veterinary medicine, health sciences, engineering, or business and IT. DAIs are usually specialized institutions. Universities may offer programs in traditional learning mode or distance learning mode. Distance Learning Institutions The two national universities that offer programs mainly through distance learning are the Allama Iqbal Open University and the Virtual University of Pakistan. Compared with traditional universities, they are flexible in terms of admission rules and modes and duration of study. Established in 1974 as People’s Open University, the Allama Iqbal Open University assumed its current name in 1977 (it is named after the poet and philosopher Allama Muhammad Iqbal). It is the oldest institution of its kind in Asia. It is also the largest university in Pakistan, having a total enrolment of 1.8 million in 2004–05. Some of its prominent features include: • offering several hundred courses ranging from secondary school certificate level to PhD level • nine regional campuses, over 100 regional centres and offices, and over 1,400 study centres across the country • the nation’s largest provider of teacher education, with an average enrolment of one million students • reliance on non-traditional methods of instruction including correspondence, AIOU-approved self-
Page 1: International Education Guide FOR T
Page 4 and 5: .ii INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE f
Page 6 and 7: .iv INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE f
Page 8 and 9: .vi INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE f
Page 10 and 11: .viii INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE
Page 12 and 13: .x INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE fo
Page 14 and 15: .xii INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE
Page 16 and 17: .2 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE fo
Page 24 and 25: .10 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE f
Page 96 and 97:
.82 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE f
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
.100 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142:
show all

International Education Guide - Enterprise and Advanced Education ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?