International Education Guide - Enterprise and Advanced Education ...

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE for the assessment of education from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
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Table 31.
Pre-Service Teacher Education Programs
Credential Entry Requirement Duration (Years) Level of Teaching
Primary Teaching Certificate (PTC)* Grade 10 1 Grades 1–5
Certificate in Teaching (CT)* Grade 12 1 Grades 1–8
Diploma in Education Grade 10 3 Grades 1–8
Bachelor of Education (BEd) Bachelor’s degree 1 Grades 1–10
Bachelor of Education (BEd) or Bachelor of Science in Education (BSEd) Grade 12 3 Grades 1–10
(Newly upgraded) Bachelor of Education (BEd) or Bachelor of Science in
Education (BSEd)
Grade 12 4 Grades 1–12 + supervision
Master of Education (MEd) BEd 1 Grades 1–12 + supervision
MA in Education Bachelor’s degree 2 Grades 1–12 + supervision
* In Punjab, the PTC and CT have been discontinued since 2002 and a bachelor’s degree was made the minimum educational requirement for primary school teachers.
Opportunities for in-service teacher training are limited.
They are mostly offered through branches of the provincial
government such as the provincial Institutes of Teacher
Education. The National Institute of Science and Technical
Education also conducts in-service teacher education for
teachers from across the country.
Individuals may enter the teaching profession after receiving
their teacher education certificate or degree. There is no
separate professional certification process for teachers at
either the provincial or the national level.
In reality, a lot of teachers enter the profession untrained.
In Balochistan, for example, many teachers are recruited
without the requisite qualifications and are required to
undergo a three-month crash course to receive a Certificate
of Trained Teacher. Untrained teachers may also be granted
paid leave to obtain their Primary Teaching Certificate or
Certificate in Teaching.
Administration and Institutions
Pakistan does not have a national body overseeing teacher
education. The curriculum wing of the federal Ministry
of Education develops the PTC and CT curricula. The
Higher Education Commission publishes BEd and MEd
model curricula to be used by universities as guidelines
and minimum standards; MPhil and PhD programs in
education are currently designed by the universities.
Provincial education departments are broadly responsible
for institutions offering PTC and CT programs. The agency
primarily responsible for managing teacher education
varies by province—the Directorate of Staff Development
in Punjab, the Directorate of Curriculum and Teacher
Education in NWFP, the Bureau of Curriculum and
Extension Wing in Sindh, and the Bureau of Curriculum
and Extension Centre in Balochistan. Provincial
governments are also responsible for university-affiliated
colleges of education in their jurisdictions.
Almost all institutions offering PTC and CT programs are
public. They mainly include:
• government colleges of elementary education or
training and government colleges for elementary
teachers
• normal schools, teacher resource centres and PTC
units within secondary schools
Degree programs are offered by university-affiliated
colleges of education and university departments. Colleges
of education operate programs up to the MA (Education)
and MEd levels. Research-based education programs,
such as MPhil and PhD, are available at a few universities.
A number of universities have established Institutes of
Education and Research, which may comprise several
education departments.
Allama Iqbal Open University has played a major role in
teacher education. It offers the PTC, CT, and Diploma in
Education as well as degree programs including the BEd,
MEd, MA (Education), MPhil and PhD.
Preschool Teachers (Ages 3 to 5)
The educational qualification for teaching katchi (preprimary)
classes at public schools is the same as that for
teaching at primary schools—a one-year Primary Teaching
Certificate (described below).