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.62 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE for the assessment of education from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Higher Education Table 46. Major Types of Higher Education Credentials Credential Issuing Body Duration of Study Diploma of Associate Engineer (DAE) Provincial Boards of Technical Education 3 years after Grade 10 Certificates and Diplomas Universities and Colleges 1 to 3 years Bachelor’s Degree (pass) – e.g., BA, BCom, BSc Universities 2 years Bachelor’s Degree (honours) – e.g., BA, BCom, BSc Universities 3 years Bachelor’s Degree (honours)* – e.g., BA, BS Universities 4 years Bachelor of Education (BEd) Universities 1 year after bachelor’s degree Bachelor of Education (BEd) Universities 3 years Bachelor of Education* (BEd) Universities 4 years Bachelor of Technology (Pass) Universities 2 years Bachelor of Technology (Honours) Universities 2 years after BTech pass Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Universities 4 years Bachelor of Engineering (BE) Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSc Engg) Universities 4 years Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSc Nursing) Universities 4 years Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) Universities 4 years Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Universities 5 years Bachelor of Law(s) (LLB) (integrated degree) Universities 5 years Bachelor of Law(s) (LLB) (postgraduate degree) Universities 3 years after bachelor’s degree (pass) Master’s Degree – e.g., MA, MCom, MSc Universities 1 year after bachelor’s degree (honours) or 2 years after bachelor’s degree (pass) Master’s Degree* – e.g., MA, MS Universities 1.5 or 2 years after 4-year bachelor’s degree Master of Education (MEd) Universities 1 year after BEd Master of Education* (MEd) Universities 2 years after 4-year BEd Master of Engineering (ME) Master of Science in Engineering Universities 1.5 or 2 years after BE or BSc Engg Doctor of Medicine (MD), Master of Surgery (MS) Universities 4 or 5 years after MBBS Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) Universities 4 or 5 years after BDS Master of Philosophy (MPhil) Universities 1 to 2 years Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Universities 2 to 5 years * Programs introduced in recent years by the Higher Education Commission
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE for the assessment of education from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan .63 Issuing Bodies The Higher Education Commission, which replaced the Universities Grants Commission in 2002, administers universities across the country. Its website has an updated list of recognized universities and degree-awarding institutions in both the public and private sectors. The current list of 122 universities and DAIs is given in Appendix B. The HEC recognizes degrees awarded by recognized private universities or DAIs before they obtain their charter but after they receive the No Objection Certificate (NOC) or recommendation letter from the provincial education departments or the HEC (or the UGC prior to 2002). The HEC may provide attestation of such degrees as per the request of the institutions. Document Format Document formats vary by issuing body and time period. • There are often two documents: degree certificates and marks sheets (also called marks cards, marks certificates, statement of marks, and so on). • Documents are usually issued in English. They can also be issued in both English and Urdu or in Urdu only. • They should bear the seal of the university and the signatures of relevant officials, such as vice chancellor, registrar, controller of examinations and secretary. Universities and DAIs issue the degrees. • The certificate should indicate the name of the degree and the field of specialization (if applicable), for example, “Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical).” • Some certificates indicate the division of the student based on their overall marks or GPA, for example, “First Division with Distinction.” • In some programs, a student may receive only a provisional certificate upon graduation, with the final certificate being issued afterward. • The certificate issued by a university sometimes indicates the affiliated college where the instruction took place. Marks sheets are normally issued by universities that conduct the major examinations. • The marks sheets should indicate the courses or papers completed, the marks obtained and the maximum marks available, for example, “marks allotted: 150; marks obtained: 76.” • In the annual system there is typically one marks sheet for each year, showing the result of the annual examinations. • The HEC favours transition to the semester system, with final exams held, and credits or credit hours for completed courses awarded, at the end of each semester. • One credit or credit hour generally represents one hour per week of instruction over the course of an 18-week semester. In the case of practical or lab components, it may represent two (sometimes three) weekly hours. The marks sheet may provide the theory and practical components of each course, for example, “4 (2–4)” means the total credits for the course are 4, including 2 weekly hours for theory and 4 weekly hours for practical. • Programs that use the traditional annual system may indicate only the total marks of each course or paper. • Sometimes the university-issued marks sheet contains only course codes or numbers, with the affiliated college providing more information such as course names and contents. See Appendix U for sample documents for various major higher education credentials.
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