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d. Roruva Hell Roruva is the hell of wailing sinners. Hell-fires burn furiously and enter the sinners' bodies from the nine openings. The sinners suffer from intense agony and wail loudly. This is also known as jala roruva. e. Maha Roruva Hell This hell is completely engulfed in very thick smoke. Sinners suffer the agony as described in Roruva, except that hell-fire is replaced with hell-smoke. This hell is known as Dhuma Roruva Niraya, the hell of smoke. f. Tapana Hell Tapana is the incinerating hell. Here sinners are pierced with burning red-hot iron stakes the size of a palm tree. g. Maha Tapana Hell This is the greater incinerating hell. It is also called Patapana. Hell wardens drive the sinners up to the top of a burning iron hill. Then they are pushed downhill by a vigorous storm only to fall onto iron stakes planted at the foot of the hill. h. Avici Hell Avici is the hell with no space to spare. Hell-fires burn intensely all over with no room between flames. Sinners are packed in this hell like mustard seeds in a bamboo cylinder. There also is no empty space between sinners. Suffering and agony is ceaseless, with no interval in between. Since the hell is over flowing with fire, sinners and agony, it is given the name Avici (A = no; vici = space). The Agony of Hell Existence in the eight great hells (as above) and minor hells are limitless and horrid agony. The Lohakumbhi hell where the four rich lads who committed adultery had to suffer is situated beneath the earth's crust, near Rajagaha. The hot water river Topada originates somewhere in between two Lohakumbhi hells (the hell of hot molten metal). The agonies suffered in hell are too horrid to be described in words. The Buddha himself said, "Even if I describe the agonies of hell for many years, the descriptions will not be complete. The sufferings in hell are limitless and beyond exposition." 11.1.4 An Advice After thinking about the melancholic sufferings in hell, one should cultivate good kamma. It is no use to feel remorse over deeds already done; it is time now to control oneself not to do any Page 100 A Gift of Dhamma Maung Paw, California
more evil deeds. In the past when a young Bhikkhu had listened to Deva Duta Sutta, he asked his teacher not to teach him any more scriptures but to show him the proper way to practice kammatthana. He practiced kammatthana diligently and became an Arahat. Only then did he continue his academic studies. Countless beings have attained Arahatship by practicing kammatthana after listening to this Sutta. In addition, all previous Buddhas have preached on this Sutta. [Refer to Ratana Gonyi for a brief account on animals, petas and asurakayas]. 11.2 How The World Came To An End All things must end one day. This is the impermanent (anicca) nature of everything.. So also, the world, the habitat of sentient beings must one-day face destruction and oblivion. The world may end in fire, water or wind. If the world ends in the fire, two suns appear, one during the day and the other during the night. Water streams and creeks dry up under the heat. When the third sun arises rivers dry up. With the appearance of the fourth sun, the seven great lakes near Himavanta evaporate completely. The fifth sun dries up the ocean; the sixth removes all remaining traces of moistures and humidity. When the seventh sun comes up one hundred thousand worlds are incinerated. Enormous flames rise up to the plane of First Jhana Brahmas, burning all mountains including Himavanta, Meru, etc. and the jewel mansions located at those mountaintops. Everything is burnt to ashes. Only then, the death of the world is completed. (Visualize for yourself how the world would end by water or by wind). 11.2.1 When and How Long These destruction period last for a very long time. When the age limits of the human ascending from 10-year to infinity and again diminished to 10 years, this duration is called antara kappa (World cycle between). The burning of the world lasts such 64 immediate kappas. Then the world stays in this ruined state, just as a house burned down by fire, for another such 64 kappas. 11.2.2 Beings Take Refuge in Brahma Loka During the destruction of the world, all living beings become Brahmas and dwell in Brahma which is not affected by the fire. One hundred thousand years prior to the end of the world, Devas who foresee the doom announced the coming obliteration. On hearing a warning, they all got rid of their reckless way of life and start practicing meritorious deeds. Due to their good kamma all beings achieve jhana and become Brahmas. Therefore all beings except those who profess wrong views reach Brahma world at least once. 11.3 How The World Is Created After the destruction of the world, when the time is ripe, world creation rain starts to fall. First it drizzles, gradually increasing in intensity until the raindrops are as large as house. The entire world is flooded up to the Brahma world. After many years the flood recedes, the burnt higher celestial abodes are rehabilitated. When the water level reaches the human abode, mountain, hills, valleys, rivers, creeks and plains begin to take shape. The creamy upper crust slowly Page 101 A Gift of Dhamma Maung Paw, California
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ABHIDHAMMA IN DAILY LIFE The Princi
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About The Author: Ashin Janakabhiva
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The Venerable Bhaddanta Janakabhiva
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6. All other perceptible objects -
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teaching. Our Buddha has expounded
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Lack of moral shame in pali is ahir
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2.1.5. Greed - Lobha Greed is cravi
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meritorious actions would lead them
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Even if there are no such dangers,
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Ill will. Ill will is a kind of hat
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and Vessantara. However, he had a d
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undesirable are the many periodic p
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getting requisites, which they will
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ody. These two mental factors arise
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These fourteen good mental factors
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"O Bhikkhus, I declare mindful ness
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pleasant and beautiful Moreover, th
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• Unpleasant • Neutral Sense ob
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mob. In this atrocious deed, the bl
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4.9. Sustained Application Of The M
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with a tube, once you remove the tu
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Character distinguished one person
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of awareness the food he offers and
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Once upon a time, the Sangha assign
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Page 51 and 52: charity. Note: Good deeds done with
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Page 55 and 56: 6.6.2 a Comparison Morality is more
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Page 59 and 60: 6.10 Paying Respect - Apacayana Pay
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Page 63 and 64: Comments - As the foolish man trade
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Page 67 and 68: thoughts. 7.2.2 Prominent Wholesome
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Page 71 and 72: If you put in one viss of salt into
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Page 77 and 78: Both kusala kamma and akusala kamma
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Page 81 and 82: luck; • Do not jump into fire ent
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Page 87 and 88: monsoon, becomes pregnant. In the t
Page 89 and 90: 6. Sanctified non-returner - Anagam
Page 91 and 92: The touch sense is just earth, fire
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Page 95 and 96: odies. Tastes such as sweet, sour,
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Page 103 and 104: "Sangha Bhasa Tika"). 11.5 How Huma
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Page 107 and 108: vanished from there to appear in th
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