Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicator Survey 2005 ... - Measure DHS

esidents and visitors who spent the night preceding the day of interview in the household. This allows
estimation of both the de jure (usual residents) and de facto (those who were there at the time of the
survey) population. The Individual Questionnaire was used to record detailed information about females
and males aged 15-49.
2.3 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
Respondents of the VPAIS were asked
a number of questions about their household
environment. Table 2.1 presents characteristics
of households which reflect the socioeconomic
conditions of surveyed households.
Housing characteristics are also important
determinants of the health status of household
members. Proper hygiene and sanitation aid in
the prevention of major childhood diseases.
Housing characteristics can be used as
indicators of socio-economic status.
Sources of household drinking water
vary greatly by residence. Piped water is the
predominant source for urban households,
where two out of three households drink piped
water (65 percent). Only 11 percent of rural
households drink piped water. The predominant
source of drinking water for rural households
is well water (59 percent). Fewer than
one-third of urban households drink well water
(30 percent). Fourteen percent of rural households
drink rain water and an additional 14
percent drink water from rivers, springs, or
streams. Three percent of urban households
drink rainwater.
One-third of all households use a flush
toilet (32 percent), but of course this varies
greatly by residence. Four out of five urban
households uses a flush toilet (80 percent),
while one out of five rural households do so.
The predominant facility used by rural households
is a pit toilet (51 percent). An additional
10 percent of rural households use a ventilated
improved pit toilet. One in five rural households
in Vietnam uses no structured toilet
facility at all, and four percent of urban households
also use the bush or fields.
In Vietnam, seventy nine percent of
households have a finished floor made of
ceramic tiles, cement etc. Nearly all urban
households live in structures with a floor made
Table 2.1 Housing characteristics
Percent distribution of households by housing characteristics, according
to residence, Vietnam 2005
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Residence
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Housing characteristic Urban Rural Total
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Source of drinking water
Piped into residence/plot 61.1 10.1 20.4
Piped to public tap 3.6 0.8 1.4
Well into residence/dwelling 29.4 56.4 51.0
Public well 0.8 2.7 2.3
Spring 0.2 7.4 6.0
River, stream 0.9 7.3 6.0
Rainwater 3.2 14.0 11.8
Tanker truck 0.7 0.6 0.6
Other 0.2 0.6 0.4
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sanitation facility
Flush toilet 80.4 19.3 31.6
Ventilated improved pit latrine 6.3 10.1 9.3
Traditional pit toilet/latrine 9.6 51.1 42.8
No facility, bush, field 3.7 19.5 16.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Flooring material
Earth, sand 3.2 18.2 15.2
Wood planks 0.6 5.3 4.4
Palm, bamboo 0.0 2.0 1.6
Ceramic tiles 77.5 42.1 49.3
Cement 18.5 31.9 29.2
Other 0.1 0.3 0.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Main roof material
Thatch/palm leaf 1.3 8.9 7.4
Metal 48.6 20.8 26.4
Calamine/cement fiber 10.6 11.6 11.4
Ceramic tiles 17.6 44.7 39.2
Cement 21.5 13.0 14.7
Other 0.5 1.0 0.9
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Main wall material
No walls 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cane/palm/trunks 2.2 12.5 10.4
Dirt 0.1 0.7 0.6
Bamboo with mud 1.0 3.6 3.1
Plywood 0.6 2.3 2.0
Reused wood 1.2 3.8 3.3
Cement 0.7 1.9 1.7
Bricks 90.8 65.4 70.5
Covered adobe 1.1 0.9 0.9
Wood planks/shingles 1.6 6.1 5.2
Other 0.8 2.7 2.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Rooms in house for sleeping
One room 28.2 32.5 31.7
Two rooms 42.7 48.4 47.2
Three or more rooms 28.5 19.1 21.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of households 1,274 5,063 6,337
10 | Household Population and Housing Characteristics