Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicator Survey 2005 ... - Measure DHS

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HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOR 6 6.1 KEY FINDINGS • One in three women and men age 15-49 has never had sexual intercourse. • Fewer than 2 percent of never married women report ever having had sex. • Only 8 percent of never married men report ever having had sex. • No women report having more than one sexual partner in the previous year. • Only one percent of men report having more than one sexual partner in the previous year. • Only 0.5 percent of men age 15-49 reported sex with a prostitute in the previous year. • Five percent of the population has ever received an HIV test. • Five percent of women report having had an STI in the previous year. • Women and men received an average of 1.6 and 1.3 injections in the previous year. 6.2 INTRODUCTION This chapter explores the prevalence of behaviors that relate to and influence the spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. Discussed are issues such as multiple sexual partners, sex with commercial sex workers, and prevalence of voluntary counseling and testing for HIV, which are related to the risk of spreading HIV. The chapter also examines other health-related factors associated with the potential spread of HIV, including the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and the use of injections. It soon becomes apparent to the reader of the VPAIS survey results that sexual behavior in Vietnam is generally confined to within marital relationships. Whether such findings are factual or an artifact of reporting bias is a question that will soon come to the reader’s mind when reviewing the survey findings. Vietnamese society and cultural norms generally dictate only protracted discussions of sexual activity. It can be postulated that by using face-to-face interviews, the data collection strategy of the VPAIS may have adversely affected the reporting of sexual behaviors by contributing to potential underreporting of sexual activity. Two recent studies, the Household Survey on HIV Prevalence and AIDS Indicators in Ho Chi Minh City and Thai Binh Province (NIHE, September 2005), and the Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth (SAVY) (General Statistics Office, August 2005) have asked the same sexual activity questions as has the VPAIS. One study was a survey of women and men age 15-49 in Ho Chi Minh City and Thai Binh province, the other was a nationally representative study of youth. With the aim of avoiding any potential under-reporting of sexual activity, both surveys incorporated self-administered portions of the interview specifically to allow for maximum privacy during reporting of sexual activity. In spite of having taken great care to offer respondents privacy, both studies found overall generally low levels of reporting of sexual behaviors. It is feasible that the same cultural sensitivities that surround (and perhaps limit) any discussion of sexual activity also surround (and perhaps limit) sexual behavior itself. Authors of the SAVY study concluded: “The majority [of youth] do not support premarital sex, instead choosing commitment, love and marriage before sexual relationships.” HIV/AIDS-Related Behavior | 51
6.3 RECENT SEXUAL ACTIVITY In the absence of any protection, the probability of HIV infection is related to the frequency of intercourse. Thus, information on sexual activity can be used to refine measures of exposure to contracting HIV or other sexually transmitted infections. But not all women and men who have ever had intercourse are currently sexually active. Women who are not sexually active may be abstaining in the period following a birth, or may be abstaining for various other reasons (spousal separation, illness, etc.). Tables 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 present data on the timing of last sexual intercourse, by selected background and demographic characteristics. One in three women and men age 15-49 has never had sexual intercourse (30 percent of women and 36 percent of men). Five and three percent of women and men, respectively, report that their last sexual encounter occurred one or more years before the survey. Overall, 65 percent of women and 62 percent of men age 15-49 have had sexual intercourse within the 12 months preceding the survey. Reporting of sexual activity among the population that is not currently married is extremely low. Only 1 percent of never married women report ever having had sexual intercourse. Only 8 percent of the never married men report ever having had sexual intercourse. Among the divorced/separated and widowed population, only 18 percent of men and 10 percent of women report having had intercourse in the year prior to the survey. The percentage of women and men who have not yet initiated sexual activity shows a strong correlation with education, with the percentage increasing greatly with increasing education. 52 | HIV-AIDS-Related Behavior
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VIETNAM POPULATION AND AIDS INDICAT
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 8 CHILDREN AT RISK 8.1 Key
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CHAPTER 5 ATTITUDES RELATING TO HIV
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PREFACE The 2005 Vietnam Population
Page 12 and 13: SUMMARY OF INDICATORS Program area
Page 14 and 15: Map of Administrative Units of Viet
Page 16 and 17: international commitments to the pr
Page 18 and 19: model AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS) q
Page 20 and 21: All team members assigned to Hai Ph
Page 22 and 23: HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CH
Page 24 and 25: of tile or cement (96 percent), whi
Page 26 and 27: asset information was collected in
Page 28 and 29: Figure 2.1 Age Pyramid, Vietnam 200
Page 30 and 31: Table 2.7 Educational attainment of
Page 32 and 33: Table 2.8 Household possession of m
Page 34 and 35: Table 2.10 Use of mosquito nets by
Page 36 and 37: Table 3.1 Background characteristic
Page 38 and 39: Table 3.2 Educational attainment of
Page 40 and 41: Table 3.3 Exposure to mass media Pe
Page 42 and 43: Table 3.4.2 Employment status: men
Page 44 and 45: Table 3.6 Age at first marriage Per
Page 46 and 47: Figure 3.1 Percent Distribution of
Page 48 and 49: General awareness of AIDS is high a
Page 50 and 51: Knowledge of all three means of avo
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.3.2 Beliefs about AIDS: men
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.4 Knowledge of prevention o
Page 56 and 57: and men) who reported that the HIV
Page 58 and 59: 5.4 ATTITUDES TOWARDS NEGOTIATING S
Page 60 and 61: Table 5.3 Adult support of educatio
Page 64 and 65: Table 6.1.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 66 and 67: 6.4 MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTNERS Among
Page 68 and 69: Table 6.2.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 70 and 71: 6.7 VOLUNTARY HIV COUNSELING AND TE
Page 72 and 73: Women who become pregnant have an o
Page 74 and 75: Table 6.6 Self-reported prevalence
Page 76 and 77: Table 6.7 Prevalence of injections
Page 78 and 79: Table 7.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 80 and 81: Table 7.2 Age at first sex among yo
Page 82 and 83: Table 7.3 Condom use at first sexua
Page 84 and 85: Practically all never-married women
Page 86 and 87: 7.8 ALCOHOL USE DURING SEX Research
Page 88 and 89: Table 7.7 Recent HIV tests among yo
Page 90 and 91: Table 8.1 Children’s living arran
Page 92 and 93: Table 8.3 also shows the same infor
Page 94 and 95: Table 8.5 Succession planning Perce
Page 96 and 97: HIV PREVALENCE IN HAI PHONG PROVINC
Page 98 and 99: Table 9.2 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 100 and 101: 9.6 HIV PREVALENCE BY BACKGROUND CH
Page 102 and 103: Rutstein, S., K. Johnson, and D. Gw
Page 104 and 105: A.2 SAMPLING FRAME The sampling fra
Page 106 and 107: Table A.5 Sample allocation of expe
Page 108 and 109: Table A.7 Total number of EAs and n
Page 110 and 111: Table A.9 Population distribution a
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Table A.11 Sample implementation Pe
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Table A.14 Coverage of HIV testing
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for North
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for South
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Ho Ch
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Quan
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Team 4: Responsible for fieldwork i
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix D Appendix
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A. household schedule Now we would
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no Questions and filters Coding cat
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Department of population and labour
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Section2. reproduction no Questions
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Section 3. marriage and sexual acti
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Last sexual partner 334 check 103:
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Section 4. hiv/aids no Questions an
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Questions and filters Coding catego
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Comments about Respondent : Intervi
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Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicator Survey 2005 ... - Measure DHS

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