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Common_Errors_in_English_usage

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safer us<strong>in</strong>g "disability" than "handicap."<br />

Many of the people <strong>in</strong>volved also resent be<strong>in</strong>g called "disabled people";<br />

they prefer "people with disabilities."<br />

HANGED/HUNG<br />

Orig<strong>in</strong>ally these words were pretty much <strong>in</strong>terchangeable, but "hanged"<br />

eventually came to be used pretty exclusively to mean "executed by<br />

hang<strong>in</strong>g." Does nervousness about the existence of an <strong>in</strong>delicate<br />

adjectival form of the word prompt people to avoid the correct word <strong>in</strong><br />

such sentences as "Lady Wrothley saw to it that her ancestors' portraits<br />

were properly hung"? Nevertheless, "hung" is correct except when capital<br />

punishment is be<strong>in</strong>g imposed or someone commits suicide.<br />

HANGING INDENTS<br />

Bibliographies are normally written us<strong>in</strong>g hang<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dents, where the<br />

first l<strong>in</strong>e extends out to the left­hand marg<strong>in</strong>, but the rest of the<br />

entry is <strong>in</strong>dented.<br />

Twa<strong>in</strong>, Mark. Mark Twa<strong>in</strong> at the Buffalo Express: Articles and Sketches by<br />

America's Favorite Humorist, edited by Joseph B. McCullough and Janice<br />

McIntire­Strasburg (DeKalb: Northern Ill<strong>in</strong>ois University Press, 2000).<br />

These are extremely easy to create on a word processor, but many people<br />

have never mastered the technique. Normally the left­hand marg<strong>in</strong> marker<br />

at the top of the page consists of two small arrows. Drag the top one to<br />

the right to make a normal <strong>in</strong>dent, the bottom one to create a hang<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>in</strong>dent. In most programs, you have to hold down the Shift key while<br />

dragg<strong>in</strong>g the bottom marker to leave the top part beh<strong>in</strong>d. Don't get <strong>in</strong>to<br />

the habit of substitut<strong>in</strong>g a carriage return and a tab or spaces to<br />

create hang<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dents because when your work is transferred to a<br />

different computer the result may look quite different­­and wrong.<br />

HANUKKAH, CHANUKAH<br />

This Jewish holiday is misspelled <strong>in</strong> a host of ways, but the two<br />

standard spell<strong>in</strong>gs are "Hanukkah" (most common) and "Chanukah" (for<br />

those who want to rem<strong>in</strong>d people that the word beg<strong>in</strong>s with a guttural<br />

throat­clear<strong>in</strong>g sound).<br />

HARD/HARDLY<br />

Everybody knows "hard" as an adjective: "Starfleet requires a hard<br />

entrance exam." The problem arises when people need<strong>in</strong>g an adverb try to<br />

use the familiar pattern of add<strong>in</strong>g ­ly to create one, writ<strong>in</strong>g th<strong>in</strong>gs<br />

like "we worked hardly at complet<strong>in</strong>g the test." The adverbial form of<br />

this word is <strong>in</strong> fact the same as the adjectival form: "hard." So it<br />

should be "we worked hard at complet<strong>in</strong>g the test."<br />

In American <strong>English</strong> "hardly" always means someth<strong>in</strong>g like "scarcely," as<br />

<strong>in</strong> "we hardly worked on the test." In British <strong>English</strong> the word "hardly"<br />

is sometimes used to mean "severely, harshly," as <strong>in</strong> "Trevor felt

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