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Common_Errors_in_English_usage

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However, most civilians these days have never heard of "flak," so they<br />

use "flack" <strong>in</strong>stead, which orig<strong>in</strong>ally meant "salesman" or "huckster."<br />

You need to worry about this only if you're among old­time veterans.<br />

You're more likely to embarrass yourself if you mix up the expression<br />

"catch a lot of flak" with "give a lot of slack," which has almost the<br />

opposite mean<strong>in</strong>g. You can't catch slack.<br />

FLAMMABLE/INFLAMMABLE<br />

The prefix "<strong>in</strong>­" does not <strong>in</strong>dicate negation here; it comes from the word<br />

"<strong>in</strong>flame." "Flammable" and "<strong>in</strong>flammable" both mean "easy to catch on<br />

fire"; but so many people misunderstand the latter term that it's better<br />

to stick with "flammable" <strong>in</strong> safety warn<strong>in</strong>gs.<br />

FLAUNT/FLOUT<br />

To flaunt is to show off: you flaunt your new necklace by wear<strong>in</strong>g it to<br />

work. "Flout" has a more negative connotation; it means to treat with<br />

contempt some rule or standard. The cliche is "to flout convention."<br />

Flaunt<strong>in</strong>g may be <strong>in</strong> bad taste because it's ostentatious, but it is not a<br />

violation of standards.<br />

FLESH OUT/FLUSH OUT<br />

To "flesh out" an idea is to give it substance, as a sculptor adds clay<br />

flesh to a skeletal armature. To "flush out" a crim<strong>in</strong>al is to drive him<br />

or her out <strong>in</strong>to the open. The latter term is derived from bird­hunt<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

<strong>in</strong> which one flushes out a covey of quail. If you are try<strong>in</strong>g to develop<br />

someth<strong>in</strong>g further, use "flesh"; but if you are try<strong>in</strong>g to reveal<br />

someth<strong>in</strong>g hitherto concealed, use "flush."<br />

FLOPPY DISK/HARD DISK<br />

Floppy disks are fast disappear<strong>in</strong>g from the computer world, but it's<br />

been many years s<strong>in</strong>ce they were literally floppy. The fact that a 3 1/2"<br />

diskette is enclosed <strong>in</strong> a hard plastic case should not lead you to call<br />

it a "hard disk." That's a high­capacity storage medium like the ma<strong>in</strong><br />

disk <strong>in</strong>side your computer on which your programs, operat<strong>in</strong>g system, and<br />

data are stored.<br />

FLOUNDER/FOUNDER<br />

As a verb, "founder" means "to fill with water and s<strong>in</strong>k." It is also<br />

used metaphorically of various k<strong>in</strong>ds of equally catastrophic failures.<br />

In contrast, to flounder is to thrash about <strong>in</strong> the water (like a<br />

flounder), struggl<strong>in</strong>g to stay alive. "Flounder" is also often used<br />

metaphorically to <strong>in</strong>dicate various sorts of desperate struggle. If<br />

you're sunk, you've foundered. If you're still struggl<strong>in</strong>g, you're<br />

flounder<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

FLUKE<br />

A fluke was orig<strong>in</strong>ally a lucky stroke <strong>in</strong> billiards, and it still means a

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