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Common_Errors_in_English_usage

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Someth<strong>in</strong>g grows exponentially when it repeatedly grows by multiples of<br />

some factor <strong>in</strong> a rapidly accelerat<strong>in</strong>g fashion. Don't use the word<br />

loosely to refer to ord<strong>in</strong>ary rapid, but steady, growth.<br />

See also "orders of magnitude."<br />

EXPRESSED/EXPRESS<br />

One of the mean<strong>in</strong>gs of "express" is "explicit": "Izaak claimed that his<br />

old boss had given him express permission to shop on eBay for fish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

rods dur<strong>in</strong>g work hours." Some people feel the word should be<br />

"expressed," and that form is not likely to get anyone <strong>in</strong>to trouble; but<br />

if you use it you should not presume to correct others who stick with<br />

the traditional form: "express permission" (or orders, or mandate, or<br />

whatever).<br />

EXPRESSES THAT/SAYS THAT<br />

"In her letter Jane expresses that she is gett<strong>in</strong>g irritated with me for<br />

not writ<strong>in</strong>g" should be corrected to "In her letter Jane says that. . . "<br />

You can express an idea or a thought, but you can't ever express that.<br />

In technical terms, "express" is a transitive verb and requires an<br />

object.<br />

EXPRESSO/ESPRESSO<br />

I've read several explanations of the orig<strong>in</strong> of this word: the coffee is<br />

made expressly for you upon your order, or the steam is expressed<br />

through the grounds, or (as most people suppose­­and certa<strong>in</strong>ly wrongly)<br />

the coffee is made at express speed. One th<strong>in</strong>g is certa<strong>in</strong>: the word is<br />

"espresso," not "expresso."<br />

While you're at an American espresso stand, you might muse on the fact<br />

that both "biscotti" and "pan<strong>in</strong>i" are plural forms, but you're likely to<br />

baffle the barista if you ask <strong>in</strong> correct Italian for a biscotto or a<br />

pan<strong>in</strong>o.<br />

EXTEND/EXTENT<br />

People often write "to a great extend" or "to a lesser extend." "Extend"<br />

is a verb only, and should not be used as a noun. It's "to a great<br />

extent," and "to a lesser extent."<br />

EXTRACT REVENGE/EXACT REVENGE<br />

The use of a rare sense of "exact" confuses people, but the traditional<br />

phrase is "exact revenge", not the seem<strong>in</strong>gly more logical "extract<br />

revenge" or "enact revenge."<br />

IN THE FACT THAT/BY THE FACT THAT<br />

The correct phrase is "by the fact that," not "<strong>in</strong> the fact that." While<br />

we're at it, "<strong>in</strong>fact" is not a word; "<strong>in</strong> fact" is always a two­word<br />

phrase.

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