Architect Drawings : A Selection of Sketches by World Famous Architects Through History
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de Klerk, Michel (1884–1923)<br />
Sketch <strong>of</strong> design for a water tower with service buildings in reinforced concrete, 1912,<br />
NAI, archive de Klerk 26.3/0321, 31.9 79.1cm, Pencil on tracing paper<br />
The recognized leader <strong>of</strong> the Amsterdam School, Michel de Klerk wrote little about his theories; he<br />
demonstrated his non-rationalist approach to architecture through his buildings. Born in an<br />
Amsterdam suburb in 1884, he demonstrated drawing skills from childhood. When he was fourteen,<br />
the architect Eduard Cuypers (Cuijpers) saw his drawings when visiting his school. Immediately, de<br />
Klerk began work in Cuypers’ <strong>of</strong>fice, first as a clerk, then as a draughtsman, and finally as supervisor<br />
<strong>of</strong> works-in-progress (Frank, 1984). Employed there for twelve years, his first building opportunity<br />
came when he was hired <strong>by</strong> the architect H. A. J. Baanders to design the apartment house Johannes<br />
Vermeerplein (Frank, 1984). Soon after this project’s completion, the client, Klaas Hille, asked de<br />
Klerk to design the first block on the Spaarndammerplantsoen, and it was during this time that he<br />
opened his own <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />
The worker’s housing, Spaarndammerbuurt, was tremendously influenced <strong>by</strong> the building codes<br />
for housing in Amsterdam at the time. Wolfgang Pehnt describes de Klerk’s solution for the apartment<br />
building as basically the design <strong>of</strong> façades (1973). Over the next few years, de Klerk was<br />
involved with the design <strong>of</strong> the remaining two blocks, each with a slightly different approach. With<br />
windows flush to the façade, he employed various brick patterns; vertical to meet the street (and to<br />
demarcate the stories on the third block), horizontal string courses, some set in wave patterns, and<br />
others pulled away from the façade to articulate entrances.<br />
Michel de Klerk’s architecture was primarily constructed <strong>of</strong> brick using traditional construction<br />
methods. His mature work did not find any reference in history, although his influences included<br />
English Arts and Crafts, Scandinavian vernacular, and local Dutch models (de Wit, 1983). In addition<br />
to his concern for composition, Wim de Wit writes that: ‘[de Klerk’s] work shows a search for<br />
an organically suggestive expression <strong>of</strong> life’ (de Wit, 1983, p. 41). This expression was constructed<br />
with mass rather than planes and evoked a picturesque aesthetic (Frank, 1984).<br />
Early in his career, de Klerk entered several competitions in order to expose his practice, taking<br />
second place in three contests. This sketch (Figure 6.2) shows design explorations for his entry in the<br />
1912 <strong>Architect</strong>ura et Amicita competition for a water tower with service buildings. His solution to the<br />
program was a tower made <strong>of</strong> exposed concrete (Bock, Johannisse and Stissi, 1997). The page has been<br />
covered with various elevations and perspectives, describing primarily the articulation <strong>of</strong> the shaft and<br />
top <strong>of</strong> the tower. The composition and ‘look’ <strong>of</strong> a cylindrical reservoir encased in a square structure<br />
was being explored. The numerous sketches study the relative expression <strong>of</strong> the structure in comparison<br />
to the container; in some cases the structure has been emphasized, while others accentuate the<br />
reservoir. Dotted site plans display alternative layouts for the juxtaposition <strong>of</strong> the tower and the service<br />
buildings.<br />
de Klerk sketched with strong vertical lines, emphasizing the vertical feeling <strong>of</strong> the tower. Rendered<br />
primarily freehand with a few ruled guidelines, he used heavy lines to outline the forms, strengthening<br />
this verticality. The proposals appear surprisingly finished, which indicates that he was working out<br />
the design to some degree <strong>of</strong> completion in order to evaluate the alternate solutions. It was unnecessary<br />
to draw the whole tower, since a portion and the ‘cap’ conveyed most <strong>of</strong> the information. de<br />
Klerk was analyzing only the connection between the shaft and the top, purposefully ignoring the<br />
connection between the column and the ground. This sketch was mainly searching for a compositional<br />
appearance <strong>of</strong> the tower.<br />
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