PhD Thesis - ResearchSpace@Auckland - The University of Auckland

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1990/501b Diphtheria 1954-66 1990/503a Tetanus 1954-66 1990/537b T.A.B. immunisations 1936-67 1990/538a Polio Diseases 1955-67 1990/538b Polio Newspaper Clippings 1955-67 1990/550d Booster Dosing 1951-68 1990/564c Polio Newspaper Clippings 1968-70 1990/574c Tetanus immunisation 1967-73 4. YCBE Waikato Health Board 1990/22e B.C.G. Returns 1955-71 1990/23a B.C.G. General TB 1990/31b Measles 1945-71 1990/31c Measles/Rubella Campaign 1970 1990/32b Tetanus 1942-69 1990/61a TB General 1968-73 1990/80a Schick Testing 1967-74 1990/80b Polio vaccination 1968-74 1990/80c Immunisation General 1950-74 1990/81b Immunisation Research Work 1956-68 1990/172a Rubella (Measles) 1970-80 1990/238c Measles and Rubella Programme 1977-80 1990/263a TB B.C.G. Vaccination Neonates 1980-84 1990/275c Whooping Cough immunisation 1949-84 1990/297a Polio General 1974-84 1990/297c Schick Testing 1974-83 1990/306a Measles and Rubella 1944-86 1990/306b Meningitis 1944-86 Archives New Zealand - Wellington 1. H1: Health Department Registered Files 29/19 33136 Epidemiology Advisory Committee 1962-68 34/1/2 35358 Work and Correspondence - Listener 34/2/2 15421 Publicity 1943-45 130 22478 T.B. 1946-49 131/11 B.92 Diphtheria in Schools 1924-35 131/11/6 B.92 Diphtheria in Schools 1928-33 131/11/6 B.99 Diphtheria in Schools 1933-39 131/11/6 11076 Diphtheria in Schools 1939-42 131/11/6 16143 Diphtheria in Schools 1941-46 131/11/6 19514 Diphtheria immunisation in Schools 1946-47 131/11/6 24116 Diphtheria immunisation in Schools 1949-53 131/11/6 34981 Diphtheria immunisation in Schools 1962-69 131/53 30729 Tetanus 1960-65 131/156/4 29958 Crippled Children’s Society 1957-64 312
144/17 25622 Polio Vaccine Committee 1955-56 144/17 25843 Polio Vaccine 1956-57 144/17 26133 Polio Vaccine 1957-58 144/17/1 35354 Polio Vaccine Committee 1956-57 144/17/1 35355 Polio Supplies and Orders 144/17/1 35357 Polio Vaccine Campaign Procedure 1961-68 144/17/3 31042 Polio Vaccine: Progress Returns 1958-66 144/18 34759 Sera and Vaccines: Measles Vaccine 1968-69 144/18/1 35788 Sera and Vaccines: Rubella Vaccine 1968-70 144/18/1 36182 Sera and Vaccines: Rubella Vaccine 1970 144/18/1 W2676 Box 57 Sera and Vaccines: Rubella Vaccine 1970-71 144/24 20094 T.A.B. Vaccine 144/27/3 29319 Sera and Vaccines: Triple Vaccines 1953-63 169/24/21 26886 B.C.G. Vaccination 1953-56 246/34 27683 T.B. 1956-61 246/64 34419 B.C.G. Vaccination 1956-69 NA 478 B.C.G. General Policy - Napier NA W2400 132 Immunisation Polio - General NA W2400 487 Polio Immunisation - General 1949-68 H 26 W2386 Reading Room Photos 2. AAFB 632: Health Department Registered Files W3463/83 144/18/1 47692 Rubella Immunisation 1971-77 W3464/49 246/64/15 24834 B.C.G. 1949-54 W3464/106 144/17/3 26431 Polio Vaccine 1956-57 3. ABQU 632: Health Department Registered Files W4415/263 13/4/1 57734 Enteric Fever inoculations 1946-72 W4415/266 131/18/1 51380 Rubella Immunisation 1978-81 W4415/267 131/18/1 52352 Rubella Immunisation 1981 W4415/275 131/128 54669 Whooping Cough 1931-83 W4415/275 131/128/1 55580 Whooping Cough Immunisation 1935-87 W4415/345 144 50663 Sera and Vaccines: General 1978-80 W4415/345 144 53140 Sera and Vaccines 1980-81 W4415/345 144 55316 Sera and Vaccines 1981-83 W4415/345 144/18 50984 Measles Vaccine 1978-80 W4415/345 144/18/1 50136 Rubella vaccine 1977-79 W4415/345 144/18/1 52684 Rubella 1979-84 W4415/346 144/27/3 56028 Triple D.T.P. 1974-84 W4415/522 246/64/3 52638 B.C.G. Dunedin 1955-79 W4415/522 246/64/4 52639 B.C.G. Gisborne 1952-75 W4415/522 246/64/6 52640 B.C.G. Hamilton 1953-79 W4415/522 246/64/13 52643 B.C.G. Wellington 1953-80 W4415/522 246/64/14 52644 B.C.G. Whangarei 1952-80 313
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http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz
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ABSTRACT My thesis has explored the
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would most espec
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AJHR Appendic
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction ‘It doesn
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immunisation’s ‘Golden Age’ b
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of polio in Canada up until 1962. 1
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There was however, little attempt t
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mandatory smallpox vaccination had
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the effect of changes and different
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Using the family doctor in this way
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complicated nature of this task for
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Before I could commence interviewin
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journals, both locally and overseas
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developments were also taking place
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Zealand’s first true ‘mass’ i
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In the United States there was a si
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CHAPTER 2: Curtailing the ‘Assass
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more immediate concern to parents w
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the district offices in Napier, Wha
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advised that antiseptic should be u
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an intensive two and half year camp
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programme in schools that had been
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Wellington instigated a programme t
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Low rates of diphtheria also meant
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of artificial immunity to diphtheri
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parents regarding the lack of infor
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immunisation was to be presented
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Maori and Typhoid Immunisation In 1
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vaccine. 127 In one case a Maori pu
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Department before finally erupting
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after World War Two, although durin
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CHAPTER 3: ‘Get Them Young’. Th
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from 47,698 cases in 1939 to 35,994
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priority it for the Health Departme
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undertake the immunisation work. 32
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and his generally unhelpful attitud
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were admitted to hospital suffering
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previously. Manufacturers were requ
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convulsions or encephalopathy were
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cases of encephalitis or similar we
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old boy contracted tetanus when a r
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In New Zealand Glaxo Laboratories o
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published in the New Zealand Medica
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campaign’. 130 Up until September
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y the 1940s, it was still felt by t
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Quebec government began BCG vaccina
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campaign. The Health Department’s
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tested with 2391 discovered to be p
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Tuberculosis Division, undertook a
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This scepticism focused not on the
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CHAPTER 4: ‘Something Everybody D
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opportunities denied and discrimina
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In 1949, the Department of Maori Af
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The proposal was approved by Cabine
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found to be giving poor protection
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the ‘Radio Doctor’, he gave adv
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16, found that 88 per cent were Sch
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accepted that mothers were still re
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answered in a reassuring manner. 79
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having the combined vaccine which c
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District had two clinics in its cen
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subject from the National Anti-Vacc
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misleading’ and found it was typi
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wish to immunise on these grounds.
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views on society as a whole, not ju
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CHAPTER 5: From Salk to Sabin: inte
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although as Anne Hardy noted, it di
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ecame known, resulted in 204 cases
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safety standards were higher than A
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with a growing number of vaccines o
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examine the Salk vaccine. Commencin
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immune to all three types of poliov
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concerned that the vaccine was safe
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not supply enough vaccine. The Comm
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to have it bussed in an icebox from
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officer who had often been engaged
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parents. 112 This incident demonstr
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information. 125 Some parents found
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daughter contracted polio and becam
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expected to be infants and preschoo
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A. W. S. Thompson, the Auckland Med
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‘handle the problems of storage a
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Publicity Publicity for the campaig
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October 1962, which was seen as suc
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together in one place, the preschoo
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The concerns about vaccine safety r
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CHAPTER 6: Re-inventing Disease Per
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social conditions’ as part of a r
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vaccine, as was demonstrated by hig
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However, others believed there had
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measles vaccine in 1970 drew the wr
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those who believed that measles was
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Rubella Vaccine Another significant
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with a limited population, it shoul
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percent of the expected total with
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einforcing or booster dose of vacci
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and trouble involved, whether any e
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This recommendation was not untimel
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from both Britain and the United St
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different approach had to be employ
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Hamilton District it was found that
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Medical opinions tended to vary ove
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ead and butter line’ and immunisa
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Refugees. 2 This strong influence w
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debates in medical circles surround
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51.2 percent of those aged one to f
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demonstrated that no departmental c
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magazine published four times a yea
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stations broadcast information rela
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protected from brain injury and the
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98.1 percent. 76 Although the Depar
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months previously at 12 months old.
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measles, as demonstrated by the epi
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1282 BCGs were given to ‘at risk
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American and British medical litera
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egime for children which used a fif
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Representations for funding were ma
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During 1987 the reservations of the
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long for the campaign to prevent di
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initiatives, than it did to the con
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SV40 and that its administration wa
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it was generally believed both in N
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demonstrated that some parts of the
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against polio, up from 59 percent i
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Aberdeen University, who made a stu
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assurances of safety by the JCVI in
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Polio Vaccine and SV40 1983 The Off
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inquiring about the link’. 76 Man
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Department had acted properly with
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1974 not to talk to the press about
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this view and it was at this point
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matter. 117 Nevertheless, two newsp
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parental confidence in the vaccine;
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Page 271 and 272: Vaccine Does U-Turn’ was the head
Page 273 and 274: parents now willing to do this, in
Page 275 and 276: The growth of parental awareness re
Page 277 and 278: triple vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus
Page 279 and 280: ecoming Our Bodies, Ourselves. 11 T
Page 281 and 282: ut also because ‘I could not see
Page 283 and 284: commented that she attended Green B
Page 285 and 286: encourage discussion by parents, al
Page 287 and 288: The Immunisation Awareness Society
Page 289 and 290: which persuaded her to seek out mor
Page 291 and 292: Nevertheless the IAS can only be re
Page 293 and 294: knew they had to have their kids va
Page 295 and 296: to their attention, and the establi
Page 297 and 298: August 1988. Cartwright’s report
Page 299 and 300: To identify attitudes to immunisati
Page 301 and 302: antibodies to the disease. 131 Meas
Page 303 and 304: of immunisation issues was not show
Page 305 and 306: CHAPTER 10: Conclusion Childhood im
Page 307 and 308: e a significant portion of the popu
Page 309 and 310: of booster or top-up programmes. Th
Page 311 and 312: Zealand began to forge some of its
Page 313 and 314: There is still much scope for more
Page 315 and 316: 1968 AGE PROGRAMME 3 months Triple
Page 317 and 318: At birth 6 weeks 3 months 5 months
Page 319: Primary Sources - Unpublished Archi
Page 323 and 324: Auckland Museum Library Homebirth A
Page 325 and 326: Personal Interviews Russell Kerse -
Page 327 and 328: Health of the Special Committee to
Page 329 and 330: Ashworth, N. (1988). ‘Hepatitis B
Page 331 and 332: Campbell-Begg, R. (1982). ‘Immuni
Page 333 and 334: Davidson, W. C. ‘The Mantoux Tube
Page 335 and 336: Findlay, K., Parker, C., Westaway,
Page 337 and 338: Auckland University Press. Hickling
Page 339 and 340: Lindner, U., Blume, S. S. (2006).
Page 341 and 342: three reduced doses’. New Zealand
Page 343 and 344: 187-88. Porter, M. (1987). ‘Vacci
Page 345 and 346: troubled path to acceptance in Brit
Page 347 and 348: Wehrle, P. F., Top, F. H. Snr, eds.
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