PhD Thesis - ResearchSpace@Auckland - The University of Auckland

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Approach to Methodology and Theory.’ The Public Historian 12(4): 7-22. Boer, G. de., Saxby, J., Soljak, M. (1990). Child Health Profile 1989. Wellington, Health Services Research and Development Unit. Boothe, D. (1983). ‘Dunedin Collective for Woman Phenomenon of the Seventies’. Broadsheet 108: 32-34. Boston Women’s Health Book Collective. (1973). Our Bodies, Ourselves: A Book by and for Women. New York, Simon and Schuster. Bouchier, D. (1985). ‘Hepatitis B vaccine and neonates’. New Zealand Medical Journal October 23: 918. Bowker, S. L. (1980). ‘Letter to the Editor Immunisation Changes’. GP: Journal of the General Practitioners Society 40: 19. Boyd, M. (1990). ‘New Zealand and the other Pacific Islands’ in Sinclair, K. ed. (1990). The Oxford Illustrated History of New Zealand. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Boyle, W. (1958). ‘Keeping him Healthy when he goes to School’. New Zealand Family Doctor February: 10-11. Bradley, V. S. (1987). ‘Rubella immunity in 14-18 year old females: an assessment in a city practice’. New Zealand Medical Journal 100: 320-22. Bretherton, I. (1992). ‘The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’. Developmental Psychology 28: 759-75. Brogan, A. H. (1990). Committed to Saving Lives. A History of the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories. Melbourne, Hyland House. Brown, C. (1985). ‘Keeping up with immunisation’. Parents Centre Bulletin 103: 16- 17. Bryder, L. ed. (1991). A Healthy Country. Essays on the Social History of Medicine in New Zealand. Wellington. Bryder, L. (1998). Not Just Weighing Babies: Plunket in Auckland 1908-1998. Auckland, Pyramid Press. Bryder, L. (1999). ‘We shall not find salvation in inoculation. BCG vaccination in Scandinavia, Britain and the USA, 1921-1960’. Social Science and Medicine 49: 1157-67. Bryder, L. (2003). A Voice for Mothers: The Plunket Society and Infant Welfare 1907- 2000. Auckland, Auckland University Press. Butler, H., Tonkin, S. (1989). ‘Cot Death and Immunisation’. Little Treasures 12: 40. Butler, H. (1985). ‘Cutting the Cord’. Homebirth Association Newsletter 27 (March). Butler, H. (1988). ‘Hepatitis B immunisation’. New Zealand Medical Journal 101: 464. Burnett, F. M. (1955). ‘The Salk Poliomyelitis Vaccine’. Medical Journal of Australia April: 660. Butterworth, K. P. ed. (1994). Mind over Muscle. Surviving Polio in New Zealand. Palmerston North, Dunmore Press. Cable, M. (1975). The Little Darlings. A History of Child Rearing in America. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons. Calvert, S. (1980). ‘Knowledge is Power. Reasons for the Women’s Health Movement’. Broadsheet 80: 26-30. Calcinai, V. (1988). ‘Immunisations- how safe are they?’ Health 40(4): 4-5. Campbell-Begg, R. (1979). ‘Rubella Immunisation’. New Zealand Medical Journal 89(634): 322. Campbell-Begg, R. (1981). ‘Rubella Vaccine’. New Zealand Medical Journal 93(684): 356. 322
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http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz
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ABSTRACT My thesis has explored the
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would most espec
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AJHR Appendic
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction ‘It doesn
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immunisation’s ‘Golden Age’ b
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of polio in Canada up until 1962. 1
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There was however, little attempt t
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mandatory smallpox vaccination had
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the effect of changes and different
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Using the family doctor in this way
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complicated nature of this task for
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Before I could commence interviewin
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journals, both locally and overseas
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developments were also taking place
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Zealand’s first true ‘mass’ i
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In the United States there was a si
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CHAPTER 2: Curtailing the ‘Assass
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more immediate concern to parents w
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the district offices in Napier, Wha
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advised that antiseptic should be u
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an intensive two and half year camp
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programme in schools that had been
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Wellington instigated a programme t
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Low rates of diphtheria also meant
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of artificial immunity to diphtheri
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parents regarding the lack of infor
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immunisation was to be presented
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Maori and Typhoid Immunisation In 1
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vaccine. 127 In one case a Maori pu
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Department before finally erupting
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after World War Two, although durin
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CHAPTER 3: ‘Get Them Young’. Th
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from 47,698 cases in 1939 to 35,994
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priority it for the Health Departme
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undertake the immunisation work. 32
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and his generally unhelpful attitud
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were admitted to hospital suffering
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previously. Manufacturers were requ
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convulsions or encephalopathy were
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cases of encephalitis or similar we
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old boy contracted tetanus when a r
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In New Zealand Glaxo Laboratories o
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published in the New Zealand Medica
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campaign’. 130 Up until September
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y the 1940s, it was still felt by t
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Quebec government began BCG vaccina
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campaign. The Health Department’s
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tested with 2391 discovered to be p
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Tuberculosis Division, undertook a
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This scepticism focused not on the
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CHAPTER 4: ‘Something Everybody D
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opportunities denied and discrimina
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In 1949, the Department of Maori Af
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The proposal was approved by Cabine
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found to be giving poor protection
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the ‘Radio Doctor’, he gave adv
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16, found that 88 per cent were Sch
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accepted that mothers were still re
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answered in a reassuring manner. 79
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having the combined vaccine which c
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District had two clinics in its cen
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subject from the National Anti-Vacc
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misleading’ and found it was typi
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wish to immunise on these grounds.
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views on society as a whole, not ju
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CHAPTER 5: From Salk to Sabin: inte
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although as Anne Hardy noted, it di
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ecame known, resulted in 204 cases
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safety standards were higher than A
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with a growing number of vaccines o
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examine the Salk vaccine. Commencin
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immune to all three types of poliov
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concerned that the vaccine was safe
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not supply enough vaccine. The Comm
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to have it bussed in an icebox from
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officer who had often been engaged
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parents. 112 This incident demonstr
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information. 125 Some parents found
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daughter contracted polio and becam
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expected to be infants and preschoo
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A. W. S. Thompson, the Auckland Med
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‘handle the problems of storage a
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Publicity Publicity for the campaig
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October 1962, which was seen as suc
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together in one place, the preschoo
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The concerns about vaccine safety r
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CHAPTER 6: Re-inventing Disease Per
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social conditions’ as part of a r
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vaccine, as was demonstrated by hig
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However, others believed there had
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measles vaccine in 1970 drew the wr
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those who believed that measles was
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Rubella Vaccine Another significant
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with a limited population, it shoul
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percent of the expected total with
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einforcing or booster dose of vacci
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and trouble involved, whether any e
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This recommendation was not untimel
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from both Britain and the United St
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different approach had to be employ
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Hamilton District it was found that
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Medical opinions tended to vary ove
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ead and butter line’ and immunisa
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Refugees. 2 This strong influence w
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debates in medical circles surround
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51.2 percent of those aged one to f
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demonstrated that no departmental c
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magazine published four times a yea
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stations broadcast information rela
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protected from brain injury and the
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98.1 percent. 76 Although the Depar
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months previously at 12 months old.
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measles, as demonstrated by the epi
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1282 BCGs were given to ‘at risk
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American and British medical litera
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egime for children which used a fif
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Representations for funding were ma
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During 1987 the reservations of the
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long for the campaign to prevent di
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initiatives, than it did to the con
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SV40 and that its administration wa
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it was generally believed both in N
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demonstrated that some parts of the
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against polio, up from 59 percent i
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Aberdeen University, who made a stu
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assurances of safety by the JCVI in
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Polio Vaccine and SV40 1983 The Off
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inquiring about the link’. 76 Man
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Department had acted properly with
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1974 not to talk to the press about
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this view and it was at this point
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matter. 117 Nevertheless, two newsp
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parental confidence in the vaccine;
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only company producing a vaccine su
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Vaccine Does U-Turn’ was the head
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parents now willing to do this, in
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The growth of parental awareness re
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triple vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus
Page 279 and 280: ecoming Our Bodies, Ourselves. 11 T
Page 281 and 282: ut also because ‘I could not see
Page 283 and 284: commented that she attended Green B
Page 285 and 286: encourage discussion by parents, al
Page 287 and 288: The Immunisation Awareness Society
Page 289 and 290: which persuaded her to seek out mor
Page 291 and 292: Nevertheless the IAS can only be re
Page 293 and 294: knew they had to have their kids va
Page 295 and 296: to their attention, and the establi
Page 297 and 298: August 1988. Cartwright’s report
Page 299 and 300: To identify attitudes to immunisati
Page 301 and 302: antibodies to the disease. 131 Meas
Page 303 and 304: of immunisation issues was not show
Page 305 and 306: CHAPTER 10: Conclusion Childhood im
Page 307 and 308: e a significant portion of the popu
Page 309 and 310: of booster or top-up programmes. Th
Page 311 and 312: Zealand began to forge some of its
Page 313 and 314: There is still much scope for more
Page 315 and 316: 1968 AGE PROGRAMME 3 months Triple
Page 317 and 318: At birth 6 weeks 3 months 5 months
Page 319 and 320: Primary Sources - Unpublished Archi
Page 321 and 322: 144/17 25622 Polio Vaccine Committe
Page 323 and 324: Auckland Museum Library Homebirth A
Page 325 and 326: Personal Interviews Russell Kerse -
Page 327 and 328: Health of the Special Committee to
Page 329: Ashworth, N. (1988). ‘Hepatitis B
Page 333 and 334: Davidson, W. C. ‘The Mantoux Tube
Page 335 and 336: Findlay, K., Parker, C., Westaway,
Page 337 and 338: Auckland University Press. Hickling
Page 339 and 340: Lindner, U., Blume, S. S. (2006).
Page 341 and 342: three reduced doses’. New Zealand
Page 343 and 344: 187-88. Porter, M. (1987). ‘Vacci
Page 345 and 346: troubled path to acceptance in Brit
Page 347 and 348: Wehrle, P. F., Top, F. H. Snr, eds.
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