Republic of Montenegro: Public Expenditure and ... - Vlada Crne Gore

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98 Annex 3 ANNEX 3. COSTS OF ALTERNATIVE SCHOOL REFORM SCENARIO, 2007-2012 Type of expenditure (20 primary schools) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total (27 (20 (20 (20 (20 (8 primary primary primary primary primary primary schools) schools) schools) schools) schools) schools) (27 primary schools and 30 gymnasia) School reconstruction and upgrading 1,217,960 1,133,841 1,096,768 979,354 1,031,871 1,107,871 1,042,374 208,475 31,271 7,849,784 Training for teachers and directors 213,780 194,000 198,000 298,000 338,000 318,000 298,000 288,000 238,000 2,383,780 Teaching aids 107,087 135,000 71,000 62,600 65,320 61,464 9,798 8,000 520,269 School furniture 205,892 420,000 152,513 342,222 183,015 342,222 1,645,864 Computer equipment 195,000 1,325,000 2,956,000 2,655,000 2,585,000 2,675,000 1,250,000 1,240,000 14,881,000 Free textbooks provision 7,236 100,000 70,000 80,000 100,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 597,236 Library materials 27,120 38,000 20,089 22,098 0 Civil works supervision 14,515 21,000 19,587 22,157 77,260 Total 1,431,740 1,884,691 3,333,768 4,566,542 4,531,791 4,381,363 4,499,060 1,836,273 1,597,271 27,955,193
Annex 4 99 ANNEX 4. MONTENEGRO’S TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK, AND REGULATORY AND Road Infrastructure INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK A. Transport Infrastructure Network Montenegro’s state road infrastructure extends for 6,848 km, out of which 964km are regional roads and 884 km are highways (magistral) (Table A4.1). The total network also contains 312 bridges, 136 tunnels, and about 5000 km of local roads. Half of the local roads are unpaved and are managed by the 21 municipalities. There are currently around 100,000 registered vehicles in Montenegro out of which 89 percent are private passenger vehicles. The mountainous nature of the terrain, coupled with the maintenance backlog during the last decades, results in higher costs for road users, creates a contingent liability and reduces Montenegro’s comparative advantages against other transit corridors. The physical characteristics of most of the regional roads (steep slopes, absence of shoulders, tight curves, low radii, relatively high pavement degradation) results in an average speed of less than 50 kilometers per hour. Furthermore, there are no routes through the country designated as part of the Trans-European Network (TEN) corridors, but some of the main routes are part of the South East Europe Transport Observatory (SEETO) defined regional ‘core’ network. Support from the EU funding agencies, notably the European Agency for Reconstruction (EAR), has been targeted at emergency repairs. Without adequate maintenance, roads deteriorate at an increasing rate until reconstruction is necessary, at considerably greater expense than any short term saving in maintenance expenditure 79 , creating a contingent liability. In addition, failure to maintain a paved road is estimated to increases user costs by a factor of three, in terms of additional time, fuel, and vehicular wear and tear. Table A4.1: Road Network in the Republic of Montenegro by Category and Class Category/Class European Highway Regional Total (Magistral) (Provincial) Primary 20 593 613 Secondary 53 129 144 326 Tertiary 88 820 908 Total 73 811 964 1848 Source: Department of Roads and Railway Infrastructure (DRRI), 2004. 79 Heggie and Vickers (1998). report that rehabilitating a paved road is 3 times more expensive than maintaining it, in current terms, and around 35% more in net present value terms.
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Report No. 36533 Republic of Monten
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..........
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TABLES Table 1.1. Montenegro’s Gr
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This is the first v
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ii Executive Summary and procuremen
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iv Executive Summary 2006-2010 is p
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viii Executive Summary 23. Going fo
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x Executive Summary 27. The impleme
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2 Chapter 1: The Economic and Insti
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3. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM 3.1
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Republic of Montenegro: Public Expenditure and ... - Vlada Crne Gore

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