2008 Sector Performance Report - US Environmental Protection ...

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of marine coatings. CAPs and GHGs are also generated as Summing the Toxicity Scores for all of the air emissions combustion byproducts from onsite combustion of fuels. reported to TRI by the sector produces the trend illustrated in Figure 1c. When normalized by the sector’s VOS, the Air Emissions sector’s Toxicity Scores fluctuated between 1996 and 2005, declining overall by 34%. Fluctuations in the Reported to TRI Toxicity Scores were driven by changes in the quantities of In 2005, 54 facilities reported 1.8 million absolute lbs. of manganese and chromium emitted to air over the years, as air emissions of TRI chemicals, as shown in Figure 1a. discussed below. TRI-reported air emissions decreased by 44% in absolute The TRI list of toxic chemicals includes all but six of the pounds from 1996 to 2005. When normalized by the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) regulated under the Clean sector’s increasing VOS, air emissions decreased 54% from Air Act. In 2005, 47 Shipbuilding & Ship Repair facilities 1996 to 2005. 8 reported about 800,000 lbs. of HAPs emitted to air, To consider toxicity of air emissions, EPA’s Risk-Screening representing 43% of the total pounds of air emissions that Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model assigns every TRI the sector reported to TRI for 2005, and 76% of the Toxicity chemical a relative toxicity weight, then multiplies the Score. pounds of media-specific releases (e.g., pounds of mercury As with overall TRI air emissions, manganese and released to air) by a chemical-specific toxicity weight to calculate a relative Toxicity Score. RSEI methodological considerations are discussed in greater detail in the Data Guide, which explains the underlying assumptions and important limitations of RSEI. Data are not reported to TRI in sufficient detail to distinguish which forms of certain chemicals within a chemical category are being emitted. For chemical categories such as chromium, the toxicity model conservatively assumes that chemicals are emitted in the form with the highest toxicity weight (e.g., hexavalent chromium); thus, Toxicity Scores are overestimated for some chemical categories. chromium, both classified as HAPs, drove the sector’s Toxicity Scores for HAPs. 9 Welding activities and the use of certain abrasives such as coal and smelter slags can result in air emissions of these metals. In addition, in 1999 and 2000, a major source of chromium air emissions from repair shipyards was related to a primer called Ameron 385. The U.S. Navy required the use of this primer on Military Sealift Command ships. In 2001, the primer was reformulated to remove chromium, resulting in a significant drop in the quantity of chromium emitted by the sector. 10 Table 1 presents the top TRI-reported chemicals emitted to air by the Shipbuilding & Ship Repair sector based on three indicators. Each indicator provides data that environmental 106 Shipbuilding & Ship Repair 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT
Figure 1 Air Emissions Reported to TRI 1996–2005 All TRI Chemicals, including HAPs All TRI HAPs Chem a. Absolute lbs 3.2 M lbs lbs in mill million ons s lbs in in in m millions 1.9 M 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 b. Normalized lbs 3 2 3.2 M 1.9 M 1.8 M .8 M 1 5 1.5 54% M 54% 6 .6 M 7 67% 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 200 2005 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 c. Normalized Toxicity Scoring Trend 1.0 .74 .66 .50 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Note: Normalized by annual value of shipments. Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT Shipbuilding & Ship Repair 107
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2008 Sector Performance rePort
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table of Contents i Preface 1 Execu
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Key to our work is collaboration wi
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Energy Use The eight sectors for wh
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Sector Data Side by Side The follow
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TRI Air Emissions Across Sectors 19
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TRI Waste Management Across Sectors
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This report relies upon a variety o
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TABLE 3 Economic Activity Data for
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Presentation of TRI Air Emissions D
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Presentation 500,000,000 of TRI Was
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Cement Manufacturing 1 AT A GLANCE
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equires 32% more energy per ton of
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Summing the Toxicity Scores for all
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l t , r t i t i Figure 3 Cement Kil
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ChemiCal manufaCturing 1 AT A GLANC
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Chemical facilities purchase electr
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conservatively assumes that chemica
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Balanced Water Use at BASF Supply U
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Waste Management Reported to TRI In
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Colleges & universities 1 AT A GLAN
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Criteria Air Pollutants Most CAP em
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Construction 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-200
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Figure 1 Fuel Use for Energy 2002 E
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Figure 4 Trends in Construction and
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Food & Beverage Manufacturing 1 AT
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Figure 2 Air Emissions Reported to
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associations, or government agencie
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disposed or released to air or wate
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Forest Products 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-
Page 62 and 63: 2002 the manufacture of wood produc
Page 64 and 65: emission controls to the pulping, p
Page 66 and 67: Water discharges became a major foc
Page 68 and 69: Iron & Steel 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-200
Page 70 and 71: ton of steel shipped improved over
Page 72 and 73: existing, high-toxicity weighting f
Page 74 and 75: water that has been reused. Typical
Page 76 and 77: Metal Casting 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-20
Page 78 and 79: using a cupola furnace can dehumidi
Page 80 and 81: Table 1 presents the top TRI-report
Page 82 and 83: Waste Management Reported to TRI hi
Page 84 and 85: Oil & Gas AT A GLANCE 1996-2005 1,2
Page 86 and 87: equipment helps recover the gas. In
Page 88 and 89: The most widely used EOR technique
Page 90 and 91: Petroleum refining Latest Environme
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2 Al TRI HA s Air Emissions
Page 94 and 95: energy technologies, and improving
Page 96 and 97: Paint & Coatings 1 AT A GLANCE 1996
Page 98 and 99: Figure 1 Air Emissions Reported to
Page 100 and 101: Owned Treatment Works, but may also
Page 102 and 103: Ports 1 AT A GLANCE 2005: 360 publi
Page 104 and 105: Increasing Use of Solar Power The P
Page 106 and 107: developing retrofit and replacement
Page 108 and 109: “invasive” if they are capable
Page 110 and 111: shipbuilding & ship repair 1 AT A G
Page 114 and 115: Table 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2005
Page 116 and 117: Shipyards’ stormwater runoff is t
Page 118 and 119: data Sources, Methodologies, and CO
Page 120 and 121: Facilities described above must rep
Page 122 and 123: Data Processing RSEI calculates tox
Page 124 and 125: • Section 6.2: Transfers to other
Page 126 and 127: Cement Manufacturing 1. Facilities:
Page 128 and 129: 12. Charles Heizenroth, EPA, person
Page 130 and 131: Forest Products 1. Facilities: Cens
Page 132 and 133: 40. Includes direct discharges to w
Page 134 and 135: Public Data Release (PDR) (includes
Page 136: Advancing Port Sustainability, Janu
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